Oral Disease Beliefs, Behaviors, and Health Status of Korean-Americans

Previous research with other ethnic minorities has shown that culture and age cohort, as well as language and economic limitations, act as barriers to obtaining dental care and maintaining good oral health. This study compared self-reported oral health attitudes, self-efficacy, and dental practices of 20 younger and 23 elderly Korean-Americans. Oral assessments were also conducted to determine plaque and gingival status, and root and coronal caries. Significant differences emerged in health self-efficacy (P less than .01) and preventive health orientation (P less than .002). Elderly had fewer teeth (P less than .0001), more decayed and filled root surfaces (P less than .05 and P less than .004, respectively), and more decayed and filled coronal surfaces (P less than .001 and P less than .03). Both groups showed higher levels of distal and mesial plaque than occlusal and cervical plaque; however, the elderly had higher rates of both (P less than .0001). Gingival status was also worse for the elderly, on distal and mesial (P less than .01), facial (P less than .01), and lingual (P less than .01) surfaces. These differences are striking, since the elderly reported visiting the dentist more recently (P less than .0001); but most of these visits were for prosthodontic and emergency care. Better preventive dental care and education are necessary for elderly immigrants who have not been exposed to preventive dentistry in their home countries.     

Utility of the Dental Aesthetic Index in Industrialized and Developing Countries

To be truly useful, an index must be applicable universally without modification. The data presented in this article support the use of the standard DAI without modification to assess need for orthodontic treatment in both developing and industrialized countries. When students from Thailand, Australia, the German Democratic Republic, and Native Americans residing on Indian reservations rated the same 25 occlusal stimuli (photographs of dental configurations) for dental aesthetics, their ratings of these stimuli when arranged in rank order were highly correlated with those of US students. These 25 occlusal stimuli were a subset of the original 200 occlusal stimuli used in deriving the standard DAI regression equation. This article presents data indicating that when a Native American DAI was derived based on Native American ratings of the same 200 occlusal stimuli used in deriving the standard DAI, the Native American DAI and the standard DAI had the same ten components (orthodontic measurements) and strikingly similar regression coefficients (weights). Further analysis indicated that the two equations were sufficiently similar to justify using the standard DAI to obtain DAI scores on Native Americans and to estimate the relative social acceptability of their dental aesthetics. If ratings for dental aesthetics for the full set of 200 stimuli were available for each of the countries where only 25 were rated, we expect that, as in the case of Native Americans, a country-specific DAI, if computed, would be sufficiently similar to the standard DAI that no modification would be needed to allow use of the standard DAI in that country.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

心理干预对初产妇母亲角色适应的影响

[目的 ]探讨产后心理干预对改善初产妇适应母亲角色的积极作用。 [方法 ]随机将产妇分为 2组 ,非心理干预组12 0例给予产后一般护理 ,心理干预组12 0例给予产后一般护理和心理干预 ;产后 4周对产妇进行询问和调查 ,比较两组初产妇母亲角色适应情况。 [结果 ]心理干预组母亲角色适应情况与非心理干预组比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。[结论 ]产后心理干预能明显改善初产妇对母亲角色的适应。     

广州市281例肢体残疾者辅助器具适配情况分析

目的分析辅助器具适配在肢体残疾者中的情况。方法比较已参加辅助器具适配的281例不同等级肢体残疾者对辅助器具的需求情况。结果281例肢体残疾人对辅助器具总的需求率为74.73%。残疾程度越重的肢体残疾者对辅助器具的需求越大（P〈0.001）。结论开展辅助器具适配服务，可以了解发现残疾人对辅助器具的需求，并及时提供辅助器具。     

Cross-Cultural Applicability of FACES IV

We studied cross-cultural Hungarian adaptation and validation of FACES IV for screening adaptive versus nonadaptive family functioning. A protocol was followed including translation, tests of reliability, construct and convergent validity, standardization, testing of family types, and ratios. Two hundred forty-nine couples (498 adults) from various regions of the country participated in the study. Results indicated high item–remainder correlations and Cronbach alphas. Factor analytic data fitted well with the model indicated by the Olson studies. Most salient results were found for Cohesion, which partially overlapped Flexibility, and had high negative correlations with the Disengaged dimension. Rigid and Chaotic as well as Enmeshed were found to be independent factors. Family types of the Hungarian sample explored by cluster analysis were comparable to the U.S. sample.     

“I Am What You Make Me. I Am Who I Am”

The growing accessibility of digital technologies has led to an increase in media projects enabling young people to connect and communicate with international peers. These projects are often uncritically celebrated as opportunities for young people to learn something about a cultural “Other” and, in so doing, enhance their tolerance of difference, their consciousness of global issues, and their appreciation of diversity. Projects conceptualised in this way, however, risk reinforcing problematic notions of multiculturalism. This article describes the Durban Plymouth Story Exchange, a youth media project facilitated by the author. The project attempted to use the creation and exchange of audio recordings between young people in Durban, South Africa and Plymouth, UK to encourage self-reflection, self-expression and cultural learning. By putting knowledge of self rather than knowledge of the Other at the centre of this project, the author/facilitator hoped the project would avoid some of the pitfalls of conventional multiculturalism.     

EMPHASIZING AFFECTIVE OUTCOMES IN AN INTRODUCTORY GERONTOLOGY COURSE

No abstract available for this article.     

Cultural adaptation of a supportive care needs measure for Hispanic men cancer survivors

Objective. Research with ethnic minority populations requires instrumentation that is cultural and linguistically relevant. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Cancer Survivor Unmet Needs measure into Spanish. Methods. We describe the iterative, community-engaged consensus-building approaches used to adapt the instrument for Hispanic male cancer survivors. We used an exploratory sequential mixed method study design. Methods included translation and back-translation, focus groups with cancer survivors (n = 18) and providers (n = 5), use of cognitive interview techniques to evaluate the comprehension and acceptability of the adapted instrument with survivors (n = 12), ongoing input from the project's community advisory board, and preliminary psychometric analysis (n = 84). Results. The process emphasized conceptual, content, semantic, and technical equivalence. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches offered a rigorous, systematic, and contextual approach to translation alone and supports the cultural adaptation of this measure in a purposeful and relevant manner. Conclusion. Our findings highlight the importance of going beyond translation when adapting measures for cross-cultural populations and illustrate the importance of taking culture, literacy, and language into consideration.