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Excellence in teaching and learning is fundamental to the provision of quality training for doctors and for this a sound knowledge of the principles of adult learning theory is important. We present an educational course in head and neck trauma skills for emergency medicine (EM) registrars, using the pedagogical principle of active learning. Our aim was to provide trainees with skills in the evaluation and management of hard and soft tissue injuries to the head, neck, and mouth. Active learning has been shown to provide a superior experience in classrooms, creating a ‘deep’ understanding of the material. To maximise learning, we used these principles to develop small group seminars led by a diverse range of teachers that allowed trainees to acquire hands-on skills. Questionnaires that were completed before and after the course showed an appreciable educational impact. We conclude that innovative teaching methods facilitate the sharing of knowledge that will benefit patient care.  相似文献   
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张慧  裔欣  宋国敏 《天津护理》2022,30(1):41-45
目的:分析探讨上肢骨折患者发生深静脉血栓形成的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析833例上肢骨折住院患者的临床资料,按照是否有静脉血栓形成,将其分为血栓组(n=82)和非血栓组(n=751),对上肢骨折患者深静脉血栓形成的危险因素进行分析。结果:833例上肢骨折患者DVT发生率为9.84%。二元Logistic多因素回归分析显示,性别、年龄、BMI、肱骨骨折是上肢骨折患者深静脉血栓形成的危险因素,术前等待时间、术中输血、麻醉方式是患者术后深静脉血栓形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:通过对上肢骨折患者深静脉血栓形成的危险因素进行分析,明确上肢骨折患者发生DVT的危险因素,及时评估高危人群,进行有效护理和干预,有效预防和减少DVT的发生。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨高中生童年期创伤、压力知觉与抑郁之间的关系,为预防和识别高中生抑郁提供参考依据。方法:采用童年期创伤问卷、中文版压力知觉量表和流调中心用抑郁量表对安徽省滁州市2310名高中生进行调查。结果:(1)女生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于男生,有留守经历学生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于无留守经历的学生。(2)童年期创伤总分与压力知觉总分、抑郁总分均呈显著正相关。(3)中介作用检验结果表明,压力知觉在高中生童年期创伤与抑郁间中介作用显著,中介效应占总效应的比例为65.22%。结论:压力知觉在童年期创伤与抑郁间起部分中介作用,童年期创伤能直接或间接增加高中生患抑郁的风险。  相似文献   
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《Journal of endodontics》2022,48(2):273-279
Endodontic treatment in severely calcified canals is always a challenging task because it can result in accidents such as deviations or perforations. Recently, guided endodontics has become an alternative approach for pulp canal calcification, facilitating the location of root canals more predictably through the combined use of cone-beam computed tomographic imaging, oral scanning, and endodontic access guides. Although several reports have shown that guided endodontics is safer, faster and can be performed without an operating microscope and by less experienced operators, the technique has limitations, and iatrogenesis may occur. This article describes the limitations of static-guided endodontics and possible causes of failures. In the present case, not fixing the guide to the bone and inaccuracies generated by manually performing mesh merger software led to root perforation. Endodontic microsurgery was effective in resolving this case and should be considered the treatment of choice when guided endodontics cannot be used safely or when it fails.  相似文献   
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There is a surprising lack of evidence documenting the volumetric symmetry of the bony orbit. This paper establishes reference values for orbital volume (OV) and symmetry in the 25 - 40 year old caucasian population. Secondarily, this paper sets a landmark for the tolerances in OV that can be expected when reconstructing the bony defects which may occur from trauma. A standardised method of quantitative OV measurement was developed using CT sinus examinations acquired for indications unrelated to orbital trauma. Sex, ethnicity, age, right and left OV were recorded. Data for 100 patients was obtained (50 male, 50 female). Mean left OV was 23.1cm3 and mean right OV was 23.3cm3. Left and right OV were strongly positively correlated (correlation coefficient: 0.96). Mean female OV was 21.6cm3 and mean male OV was 24.8cm3. On average, male OV is 3.2cm3 larger than female OV. The mean difference between left and right OV was 0.5cm3 in females and 0.6cm3 in males. The intra-class coefficient score between the two assessors was 0.973 (excellent). There is strong positive correlation between left and right OV in this study population. Previous work suggests that orbital volume loss less than 1cm3 would not lead to significant clinical symptoms of orbital fracture. When orbital reconstruction is undertaken, this study suggests that a volume symmetry difference of <0.5cm3 in females and <0.6cm3 in males would be consistent with the variation seen in the study population of uninjured caucasian 25-40 year olds and is therefore a reasonable goal of surgical management.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨个体化肺保护性通气对颅脑手术患者全身麻醉肺通气效果的影响。方法:选取湖州市中心医院2018年7月至2019年7月收治的54例择期行颅脑手术的患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为常规组与个体化组(n=27):常规组给予传统容量控制机械通气,个体化组给予个体化呼气末正压通气(positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)的肺保护性通气。检测并比较麻醉诱导前(T0)、切皮后(T1)、机械通气1 h(T2)、机械通气2 h(T3)、气管拔管后30 min(T4)血气分析、平均动脉压、肺动态顺应性,气道平台压术后1 d胸部CT,并记录患者术后7 d内肺部并发症的发生情况。结果:与常规组相比较,个体化组患者T1、T2、T3时氧合指数以及肺动态顺应性均明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时T1、T2、T3时...  相似文献   
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ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of non-accidental trauma (NAT) in children with polytrauma treated at level-I trauma centres (TC).Summary of backgroundData 6–10% Of children who present at the emergency department with injuries, sustain polytrauma. Polytrauma may result from either accidental (AT) or NAT, i.e. inflicted or neglect. The prevalence of NAT among children with polytrauma is currently unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included children (0–18 years) with an Injury Severity Score >15, who presented at one of the 11 Level-I trauma centers (TC) in the Netherlands between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2016. Outcomes were classified based on the conclusions of the Child Abuse and Neglect-team. Cases in which conclusions were unavailable and there was no clear accidental cause of injuries were reviewed by an expert panel.ResultsThe study included 1623 children, 1452 (89%) were classified as AT, 171 (11%) as NAT; 39 (2,4%) inflicted and 132 (8,1%) neglect. Of pre-school aged children (<5 years) 41% sustained NAT (OR26.73, 95%CI 17.70–40.35), 35/342 (10%) inflicted and 104/342 (31%) neglect. Admission due to ‘cardiopulmonary arrest’ was the result of inflicted trauma (30% vs 0%,p < 0.001). NAT had a higher mortality rate (16% vs 10%, p = 0.006). Indicators of NAT were: (near-)drowning (OR10.74, 95%CI 5.94–19.41), burn (OR8.62, 95%CI 4.08–18.19) and fall from height (OR2.18, 95%CI 1.56–3.02).ConclusionsNAT was the cause of polytrauma in 11% of children in our nationwide level-I TC study; 41% of these polytrauma were the result of NAT experienced by preschool-aged children. Our data show the importance of awareness for NAT.  相似文献   
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