四象体质类型与糖调节受损糖尿病转化率的临床研究＊

目的 探讨糖调节受损（IGR）四象体质类型与客观指标相关性。方法 临床收集的122名成年人分为太阳人、太阴人、少阳人和少阴人（因太阳人人数较少，忽略不计）等四种体质，测量空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hBG）、血脂四项等指标，半年后未经治疗，再次测量这些指标，计算糖尿病转化率。结果 IGR者中太阴人所占比例为55.8%，少阳人为21.7%，少阴人为22.5%。其中，朝鲜族的IGR占比明显高于满族和汉族。太阴人与少阳人、少阴人比较，FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压、体重方面有显著性差异（P < 0.05），超重及肥胖人数太阴人中占61.2%、少阳人中占53.8%、少阴人中占29.6%。半年后复查，太阴人与少阳人、少阴人比较，FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压方面有显著性差异（P < 0.05），糖尿病的转化率为太阴人32.8%，少阳人23.1%，少阴人3.7%。结论 IGR者中太阴人所占比例最高。IGR太阴人的FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压、体重偏高，半年后复查，太阴人的DM转化率最高。     

肝内胆管癌转化治疗

肝内胆管癌（ICC）可切除率低，进展期ICC的治疗有效率不高，预后很差。转化治疗在多种晚期肿瘤中有一定的疗效，是目前晚期肿瘤治疗的研究热点。随着对ICC基因组的深入了解和新的治疗药物的开发及组合，基于系统化疗的联合治疗策略，精准靶向治疗，免疫检查点抑制剂等显示出较好的疗效，使得部分进展期ICC病人能降期转化手术，获得长期生存。     

不可切除中晚期肝癌的转化治疗后肝切除术

多数肝癌起病隐匿，早期症状不明显，就诊时往往已属中晚期，预后不佳。转化治疗可使不可切除晚期肝癌病人获得手术治疗机会，并达到R0切除。在转化治疗后，对病人肿瘤、肝脏及其他器官细致全面的评估，将为安全肝切除的术前决策提供依据。转化治疗期间建议采用多学科综合治疗协作组模式定期评估转化治疗效果，并及时制定手术切除方案。     

Use of a smartphone for imaging,modelling, and evaluation of keloids

ObjectiveWe used a smartphone to construct three-dimensional (3D) models of keloids, then quantitatively simulate and evaluate these tissues.MethodsWe uploaded smartphone photographs of 33 keloids on the chest, shoulder, neck, limbs, or abdomen of 28 patients. We used the parallel computing power of a graphics processing unit to calculate the spatial co-ordinates of each pixel in the cloud, then generated 3D models. We obtained the longest diameter, thickness, and volume of each keloid, then compared these data to findings obtained by traditional methods.ResultsMeasurement repeatability was excellent: intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.998 for longest diameter, 0.978 for thickness, and 0.993 for volume. When measuring the longest diameter and volume, the results agreed with Vernier caliper measurements and with measurements obtained after the injection of water into the cavity. When measuring thickness, the findings were similar to those obtained by ultrasound. Bland–Altman analyses showed that the ratios of 95% confidence interval extremes were 3.03% for longest diameter, 3.03% for volume, and 6.06% for thickness.ConclusionSmartphones were used to acquire data that was then employed to construct 3D models of keloids; these models yielded quantitative data with excellent reliability and validity. The smartphone can serve as an additional tool for keloid diagnosis and research, and will facilitate medical treatment over the internet.     

经新辅助或转化治疗术后分期为ypT0~1NanyM0局部进展期胃癌54例预后分析

目的 分析经新辅助或转化治疗术后分期为ypT0~1NanyM0的局部进展期胃癌病人的长期预后。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2020年1月中国人民解放军东部战区总医院普外科收治的经新辅助或转化治疗后行根治性切除手术，且术后分期为ypT0~1NanyM0的54例局部进展期胃癌病人的临床资料，应用Kaplan-Meier法计算病人3年和5年的总体生存率及无进展生存率，并比较术后分期为ypT0N0M0与ypT1N0M0病人之间的生存差异。结果 共纳入54例局部进展期胃癌病人。10例（18.5%）病人术前接受常规给药途径的SOX化疗方案，44例采用动静脉结合的化疗方法，其中31例（57.4%）为SEEOX方案，13例（24.1%）为FLEEOX方案。所有病人均实施D2或D2+淋巴结清扫，并获得R0切除。30例（55.6%）病人行全胃切除术，24例（44.4%）行远端胃切除术。术后分期为ypT0N0M0病人38例（70.4%），ypT1N0M0病人11例（20.4%）。所有病人术后均接受辅助化疗。随访56.5（13.1～170.3）个月，共有15例病人死亡，其中11例病人因肿瘤局部复发或远处转移死亡，复发转移时间为18.9（7.8～55.5）个月。3年和5年总体生存率分别为83.2%和76.4%，3年和5年无进展生存率分别为83.1%和72.8%。分期为ypT0N0M0与ypT1N0M0病人生存时间比较结果显示，总体生存时间［中位生存时间为尚未达到（NR） vs. 5.2年，HR=0.46，95%CI 0.12-1.68，P=0.138］和无进展生存时间（NR vs 4.6年，HR=0.57，95%CI 0.15-2.20，P=0.337）差异均无统计学意义。结论 经新辅助或转化治疗术后分期为ypT0~1NanyM0 的局部进展期胃癌病人长期预后较好，且ypT1N0M0与ypT0N0M0病人的长期生存时间相近。     

Radiation Dose during Transarterial Radioembolization: A Dosimetric Comparison of Cone-Beam CT and Angio-CT Technologies

PurposeTo evaluate the radiation dose differences for intraprocedural computed tomography (CT) imaging between cone-beam CT and angio-CT acquired during transarterial radioembolization (TARE) therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort of 22 patients who underwent 23 TARE procedures were selected. Patients were imaged in both cone-beam CT and angio-CT rooms as a part of their conventional treatment plan. Effective dose contributions from individual CT acquisitions as well as the cumulative dose contributions from procedural 3D imaging were evaluated. Angiography dose contributions were omitted. Cone-beam CT images were acquired on a C-arm Philips Allura system. Effective doses were evaluated by coupling previously published conversion factors (effective dose per dose-area product) to patient’s dose-area product meter readings after the procedure. Angio-CT images were acquired on a hybrid Canon Infinix-i Aquilion PRIME system. Effective doses from angio-CT scans were estimated using Radimetrics. Comparisons of a single patient’s dose differential between the 2 technologies were made.ResultsThe mean effective dose from a single CT scan was 6.42 mSv and 5.99 mSv in the cone-beam CT room and the angio-CT room, respectively (P = .3224), despite the greater field of view and average craniocaudal scan coverage in angio-CT. The mean effective dose summed across all CTs in a procedure was 12.89 mSv and 34.35 mSv in the cone-beam CT room and the angio-CT room, respectively (P = .0018).ConclusionsThe mean effective dose per CT scan is comparable between cone-beam CT and angio-CT when considered in direct comparison for a single patient.     

Rupture du Moi-corps à l’adolescence

From the essential notion, clinical and theoretical “breakdown”, the authors present in this text the observation of a teenager aged fourteen. This young girl “triggers” at the beginning of her pubertal metamorphosis, at the age of twelve, paralysis of the lower limbs. The psychotherapeutic technical work undertaken reveals a massive, intrapsychic and intersubjective tension in the maternal and more largely family environment.     

Salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is challenging under the best of circumstances, and particularly in resource-limited settings. For patients who remain persistently sputum-culture-positive despite therapy with second-line TB drugs, treatment options are limited, especially if disease is too advanced for resective surgery. Salvage therapy refers to the design of a regimen combining new and previously used drugs in a final effort to attain sputum conversion before declaring treatment to have failed. We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of salvage therapy in 213 Peruvian patients. Salvage regimens included a median of two new drugs (range 1–6) and nine (range 5–13) total (new plus previously used) drugs. The most frequently used new drug was moxifloxacin, followed by capreomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, kanamycin and clarithromycin. Culture conversion occurred in 65 (30.5%) patients. Salvage regimens that included moxifloxacin were significantly more likely to be followed by culture conversion (OR 2.2; p 0.02). Later-generation fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin should be used in salvage therapy but also in the initial treatment of MDR-TB, if the best clinical strategy is to use the most effective drugs when the patient has the best chance for cure. New TB drugs are most likely to be initially used in salvage patients, in conditions similar to those described here. Close bacteriological monitoring of these patients will be essential, as useful information about the best way to use these new drugs can be gained from analysis of salvage therapy cohorts.