Cardioprotective effects of sinomenine in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.     

超声引导下针刺足三里穴对胃窦收缩功能的影响：随机对照研究＊

目的 观察超声引导下针刺足三里穴得气与不得气对胃窦收缩功能的影响。方法 将符合纳入标准的72例健康受试者，按照1∶1随机分配到观察组和对照组，每组36例。在超声引导下针刺受试者右侧足三里穴，观察组针刺深度到达小腿骨间膜处，施以提插捻转手法使之得气，对照组针刺深度到达浅筋膜处，不运针，不要求得气，应用受试者针感临床评价量表、胃脘部热红外成像与胃窦运动超声数据进行评估，比较两组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率的变化。结果 观察组完成35例，脱落1例；对照组完成34例，脱落2例。两组间比较，受试者针感临床评价量表评分、胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数在针刺得气后差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；观察组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数比较差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05），以胃窦收缩频率增加、运动幅度增大及运动指数增加为主要表现；对照组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；观察组与对照组针刺前后胃脘部皮肤温度变化差异无统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 针刺足三里穴得气可一定程度改变胃窦运动功能，超声成像技术能有效引导针刺操作并实时观察记录胃窦运动变化，安全高效，值得临床推广与应用。     

Empagliflozin restores chronic kidney disease–induced impairment of endothelial regulation of cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction

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Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

Altered supraspinal motor networks in survivors of poliomyelitis: A cortico-muscular coherence study

ObjectivePoliomyelitis results in changes to the anterior horn cell. The full extent of cortical network changes in the motor physiology of polio survivors has not been established. Our aim was to investigate how focal degeneration of the lower motor neurons (LMN) in infancy/childhood affects motor network connectivity in adult survivors of polio.MethodsSurface electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during an isometric pincer grip task in 25 patients and 11 healthy controls. Spectral signal analysis of cortico-muscular (EEG-EMG) coherence (CMC) was used to identify the cortical regions that are functionally synchronous and connected to the periphery during the pincer grip task.ResultsA pattern of CMC was noted in polio survivors that was not present in healthy individuals. Significant CMC in low gamma frequency bands (30–47 Hz) was observed in frontal and parietal regions.ConclusionThese findings imply a differential engagement of cortical networks in polio survivors that extends beyond the motor cortex and suggest a disease-related functional reorganisation of the cortical motor network.SignificanceThis research has implications for other similar LMN conditions, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). CMC has potential in future clinical trials as a biomarker of altered function in motor networks in post-polio syndrome, SMA, and other related conditions.     

Prediction of AF in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Incremental Value of Left Atrial Strain

ObjectivesThis study sought to identify the factors associated with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in a well-characterized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) population, with special focus on left atrial (LA) strain.BackgroundAF is associated with HFpEF, with adverse consequences. Effective risk evaluation might allow the initiation of protective strategies.MethodsClinical evaluation and echocardiography, including measurements of peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), peak atrial contraction strain (PACS), and LA volume index (LAVI), were obtained in 170 patients with symptomatic HFpEF (mean age, 65 ± 8 years), free of baseline AF. AF was identified by standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, review of relevant medical records (including Holter documentation), and surveillance with a portable single-lead electrocardiogram device over 2 weeks. Results were validated in the 103 patients with HFpEF from the Karolinska-Rennes (KaRen) study.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 49 months, incident AF was identified in 39 patients (23%). Patients who developed AF were older; had higher clinical risk scores, brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, LAVI, and LV mass; lower LA strain and exercise capacity; and more impaired LV diastolic function. PACS, PALS, and LAVI were the most predictive parameters for AF (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.76 for PACS, 0.71 for PALS, and 0.72 for LAVI). Nested Cox regression models showed that the predictive value of PACS and PALS was independent from and incremental to clinical data, LAVI, and E/e’ ratio. Classification and regression trees analysis identified PACS ≤12.7%, PALS ≤29.4%, and LAVI >34.3 ml/m² as discriminatory nodes for AF, with a 33-fold greater hazard of AF (p < 0.001) in patients categorized as high risk. The classification and regression trees algorithm discriminated high and low AF risk in the validation cohort.ConclusionsPACS and PALS provide incremental predictive information about incident AF in HFpEF. The inclusion of these LA strain components to the diagnostic algorithm may help guide screening and further monitoring for AF risk in this population.     

Andersen-Tawil综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨Andersen-Tawil综合征(ATS)的发病机制及临床特点。方法回顾性分析1例ATS患者的临床表型。结果本例患者男,17岁,表现为低位耳,反复发作运动、饱食或无明显诱因下非对称性肌无力,入院期间肌无力发作时伴血钾降低;动态ECG提示频发室性期前收缩;EMG检查显示复合肌肉动作电位波幅在运动诱发试验运动后即刻上升6%,30 min下降17%,60 min下降25%,90 min下降35%;头颅MRI Flair示左侧额顶叶交界区脑白质内点状高信号影;基因检测(NGS)提示染色体17q24的KCNJ2基因出现错义突变:c.224C>T(p.Thr75Met),诊断为ATS。予补钾治疗后患者肌力恢复正常,出院后继续服用醋钾唑胺片,随访发现患者周期性麻痹的发作频率、严重程度及持续时间明显改善。结论ATS作为一个多系统累积的离子通道病,其临床表现高度变异,临床上要更加关注患者临床表型,从而有利于表型及机制的完善。     

Changes in urinary titin N-terminal fragments as a biomarker of exercise-induced muscle damage in the repeated bout effect

ObjectivesMuscle damage symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric contraction exercise can be reduced by repeating the experience several times. This phenomenon is termed the repeated bout effect. Although traditional biochemical markers require invasive blood sampling, biochemical measurements have recently been developed that can be non-invasively performed using urinary titin N-terminal fragment (UTF). However, it is unclear whether UTF can reflect the repeated bout effect. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify whether UTF decreased with the repeated bout effect.DesignThis study compared changes in muscle damage markers between bouts of exercise performed for the first and second time.MethodsEight young men performed 30 eccentric exercises of the elbow flexor on the first day of the first week (Bout 1). A second bout of eccentric exercises, same as the first, was performed 2 weeks later, (Bout 2). The dependent variables were muscle soreness (SOR), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), creatine kinase (CK), and UTF. All dependent variables were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in workload or peak torque between the first and second exercise bouts. SOR as well as CK and UTF were significantly lower and ROM and MVIC were significantly higher in Bout 2 in comparison to Bout 1.ConclusionsThese results suggest that UTF sensitively reflects the repeated bout effect and exercise-induced muscle damage can be non-invasively measured.     

窦性心率震荡对室性早搏儿童的风险预测价值

目的探讨窦性心率震荡(heart rate turbulence,HRT)对室性早搏儿童发生终点事件的风险预测价值。方法将71例未经治疗的室性早搏儿童分为心源性疾病组(A组)、良性室性早搏组(B组)。采用12导联动态心电图分析仪对各组患儿HRT,包括震荡初始(Turbulence Onset,TO)和震荡斜率(Turbulence slop,TS)进行自动分析,并记录是否发生终点事件,对数据进行统计分析。结果 A组TO较B组高(-0.019±0.025vs-0.029±0.045),A组TS较B组略低(5.84±6.06 ms/RR vs 6.01±6.57 ms/RR),但无统计学差异(t=-1.040,p=0.302;t=0.118,p=0.906)。12例(16.9%)患儿发生终点事件,均为A组患儿,A组内9例TO异常者,发生终点事件7例,明显高于TO正常者(77.8%vs 23.8%,χ~2=5.562,p=0.018)。71例患儿TO异常者21例,其终点事件发生率亦高于正常者(33.3%vs 10.0%,χ~2=4.192,p=0.041)。结论儿童心源性疾病时HRT现象减弱,TO异常者发生终点事件的几率升高,提示HRT对于合并室性早搏的器质性心脏病及终点事件具有预测意义,且无创易行,可于临床推广。