Cyclic alternating pattern in infants with congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is defined as thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth which is crucial for brain development. Recently, the cyclic alternating pattern, a rhythm present in electroencephalography recordings in non-Rapid eye movement sleep, has been related to brain development and cognition in different pediatric conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the cyclic alternating pattern rate in infants with congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxine supplementation, and healthy controls. The parameters of the cyclic alternating pattern were evaluated in 19 healthy infants (10 female, mean age 25.5?±?15.5?months) and 21 infants diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (19 female, mean age 24.3?±?19.0?months). We considered the transient electro-cortical activations (phase A of the cycle) in non-Rapid eye movement sleep and the subdivisions of the A phase in: A1, A2 and A3, based on their frequency content. All subjects were subjected to polysomnography recording in a standard laboratory setting. Sleep data were stored computer following the International 10–20 System. Data showed that congenital hypothyroidism infants exhibited higher frequency of central apnea, hypopnea, and arousals in comparison to controls. Particularly, central apnea index decreased with age in the control group but not in congenital hypothyroidism group. Regarding to cyclic alternating pattern measurements, congenital hypothyroidism infants exhibit a higher frequency in the percentage of A3 subtype (electroencephalographic desynchrony) and conversely a lower percentage of A1 subtype (electroencephalographic synchrony), than healthy infants. An important finding of this study is the positive correlation between A1 mean duration and age, which is bigger in control group than in congenital hypothyroidism group (time duration in control group (0.52?s/month) versus congenital hypothyroidism group (0.1?s/month). Infants with congenital hypothyroidism showed an increase of A3 subtype, of central apnea, and of arousals. The reduction of percentage and mean duration of A1 subtype could be a valuable indicator of sleep development in patients with congenital hypothyroidism and healthy infants.     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与常见疾病之间关系的研究进展

甲状腺疾病作为内分泌疾病系统的一类,近年来,随着物质生活水平的提升其发病率有上升的趋势,同时合并常见病的发病率大幅度提升。例如:妊娠方面、糖代谢方面、血脂异常及动脉粥样硬化、高尿酸方面。总结近几年中西医方面对这些并发疾病的治疗经验,特别运用辨证论治、辨病论治的中医在亚健康治疗有着独特的疗效,结合现代先进的诊察技术,研究二者之间的关联,给予临床更好指导。     

金匮肾气丸临症加减治疗甲状腺功能减退临床观察

目的探究甲状腺功能减退(甲减)患者实施重要金匮肾气丸随症加减治疗的临床疗效及对甲状腺功能的影响。方法从2018年4月-2019年7月期间在本院进行治疗的甲减患者中随机抽取84例参与研究,根据数字表法随机分成观察组和对照组,每组42例患者。对照组采用常规西医疗法,观察组在西医疗法基础上采用金匮肾气丸随症加减治疗。就两组患者治疗前后的中医症状积分、甲状腺功能指标、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)进行对比分析。结果治疗后两组患者中医正装积分显著低于治疗前,且观察组患者中医症状积分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)和游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(free tetraiodothyronine,FT4)水平高于治疗前,促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平显著低于治疗前,且观察组患者治疗后FT3和FT4水平高于对照组,TSH水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者的TPOAb和TGAb水平均明显低于治疗前,且观察组患者治疗后的TPOAb和TGAb水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲减患者的临床治疗中给药金匮肾气丸能够有效改善患者的症状体征,改善其异常的甲状腺激素、TPOAb和TGAb水平,可促进患者尽快恢复。     

Pathological fracture of the femur in Alagille Syndrome: A case report

Alagille Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, occur only 1:70,000 in population, and characterized by reduced interlobular bile ducts, and resultant nutritional deficiencies associated with the inability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin D. Patients are at risk for secondary osteoporosis, rickets/osteomalacia, and ultimately may result in fracture. The majority of patients suffer from chronic cholestasis, which can have a variety of adverse effects on bone metabolism. Hypothyroidism has been described in some Alagille Syndrome patients, and eventually delayed puberty can occur. Two until fourteen percents of patients of Alagille syndrome will suffer from fractures, in which it primarily occurs in the lower limb long bones in the absence of significant trauma. This study aimed to present a rare case of pathological fracture of femur in Alagille syndrome patient and its management in our hospital.Six-year-old male with pain on his right thigh came to our ER after fell down while putting on his pants. He had been diagnosed with biliary atresia at the age of 3 months and underwent surgical bile duct reconstruction. In addition, he also suffered from congenital hypothyroidism and consequently, stunted growth. The pathological fracture of the femur was treated conservatively with hemispica cast. At 2 months follow up, there is already radiographic evidence of fracture healing occurred by secondary intention and callus formation.By ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, monitoring for vitamin D deficiency, monitoring for fragility fractures, and avoiding trauma-related accidents, a proper conservative treatment using hemispica cast could still always be considered for managing such diaphyseal fractures in Alagille syndrome, especially in relatively low-resource countries such as Indonesia.