湘西州7～15岁苗族学生皮褶厚度及体成分分析

目的 了解湘西州7～15岁苗族学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育特点,为增强少数民族学生体质提供参考。方法 2019年10—11月分层整群随机抽取湘西州7～15岁苗族学生1 064名,测量身高、体重和肱三头肌皮褶(TS)、肩胛下皮褶(SS)、腹部皮褶(AS)厚度。根据长岭和Brozek公式估算体成分。结果 随着年龄的增长,苗族学生皮褶均逐渐增厚,男生13岁、女生12岁后增幅明显;各年龄组女生TS、SS与AS均厚于男生,8岁(t=2.659、2.392、2.264)、11岁(t=3.317、3.251、3.179)、13岁(t=5.196、3.943、4.651)、14岁(t=5.941、4.630、3.228)和15岁(t=4.822、4.292、3.210)年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);体脂率、脂肪质量及其指数均值女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01);男女生瘦体质量及其指数年龄变化曲线逐渐上升并出现2次交叉;除男生体脂率外,体成分各指标与皮褶厚度均与年龄呈显著正相关(P<0.01);与8个族群比较,苗族男生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(9.22 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(7.33 mm)与怒江怒族较为接近,女生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(11.98 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(9.35 mm)与广东瑶族较为接近。结论 湘西州苗族农村学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育符合生长发育一般规律,皮下脂肪含量相对较少,并存在性别和年龄差异。     

Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi effects on physical activity and body composition in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study

BackgroundBreast cancer survivors (BCS), particularly Latina BCS, experience weight gain and reduced physical activity (PA) post-treatment increasing the risk for recurrence. There is a lack of evidence on the intensity and type of PA needed to engage cultural subgroups and improve clinical outcomes. This study developed and piloted two non-traditional PA interventions among a diverse sample of BCS.MethodsTwenty BCS (65% Latina; age 25–75) participated in a 2-arm parallel group-randomized pilot study to test the effects of an 8-week Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi intervention on PA and body composition. A seven-day pedometer protocol was used to measure steps/week and a bioelectric impedence scale was used to assess BMI and %body fat. T-tests were used to examine preliminary outcomes across both interventions and within intervention arms.ResultsThere were no significant changes in steps/week, BMI, or %body fat across or in each separate intervention. A small effect size for increase in steps/day was found among participants in the Qigong/Tai Chi arm (0.10) and low-to-moderate effect sizes for reductions in % body fat overall (0.36), and separately for participants in Latin dance (0.26) and Qigong/Tai Chi (0.46).ConclusionLatin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi are engaging and acceptable PA modalities that are promising for improving PA and body fat among diverse, high-risk BCS. Our findings highlight the need to continue to reach and engage high-risk BCS, including Latina survivors, using novel, culturally-sensitive PA interventions. Future studies should extend and more rigorously test these novel approaches to improving outcomes associated with recurrence.     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

木鳖子化学成分、毒理与药理作用研究进展

木鳖子是一味传统的有毒中药,始载于北宋《开宝本草》,具有消肿散结,攻毒疗疮的功效,用于治疗疮疡肿毒,乳痈,秃疮等。主要分布在广西、广东等中国南方地区,泰国、越南等东南亚国家也有分布。目前研究表明从木鳖子中提取分离得到的化学成分丰富,主要包括萜类、甾醇类、挥发油类、脂肪酸类等成分。其中已鉴定的萜类化合物30种、挥发油成分102种、植物甾醇6种和脂肪酸类19种。毒理学研究表明,木鳖子水提物及醇提物均含有一定的毒性,毒性随着含油量的增大呈现降低趋势,目前文献报道的主要有毒成分是木鳖子素和木鳖子皂苷类。药理学研究表明,木鳖子除了具有基于传统功效的抗癌、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用外,还具有抗溃疡、抗氧化、调节免疫等多种药理作用。近几年对木鳖子的研究报道不断增多,通过查找中国知网,万方,Pub Med,Web of Science等数据库1964-2019年的国内外相关文献,对木鳖子化学成分,药理作用,毒理研究等方面进行归纳总结,为今后对木鳖子的深入研究应用提供参考。     

苓桂术甘汤中多糖结构组成及其抗氧化活性考察

目的:研究苓桂术甘汤中多糖的结构,包括单糖组成以及官能团检测,并对其抗氧化能力进行评估,为体外生物测定法运用于苓桂术甘汤的质量评价提供基础。方法:利用高效凝胶色谱对全方多糖分子量进行研究;进一步采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)柱前衍生化法及红外光谱扫描分析全方多糖结构组成;采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)及羟基自由基测定全方粗多糖及精多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:全方多糖由单一峰组成,且相对分子质量为3 689 Da,主要由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖组成,摩尔比为6. 85∶1. 00∶109. 21∶1. 04∶21. 82,其中葡萄糖和果糖为主要组成成分;红外结果显示聚糖结构中存在吡喃糖及糖醛酸,并且糖苷键存在2种立体异构(α-糖苷键及β-糖苷键);抗氧化研究发现全方多糖有一定清除DPPH自由基及羟基自由基的能力,粗多糖的活性优于精多糖。进一步采用LC-Q-TOF-MS对粗多糖中的其他成分进行定性分析,提示这与甘草中五环三萜类成分的吸附有关。结论:苓桂术甘汤中多糖及五环三萜类物质均是苓桂术甘汤抗氧化作用的物质基础,利用体外生物测定法测定抗氧化活性可作为全面控制苓桂术甘汤质量的评价指标。     

近几年中药附子的文献研究

附子作为有毒中药常用于多种疾病的治疗,由于广泛的临床应用和潜在的毒性受到青睐,其中,附子化学成分和药理作用等研究取得了许多实验成果。本文通过检索中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,分析梳理大量文献,对附子结构及药理进行探讨分析,旨在扩大附子使用范围和提高使用频率,为附子实验研究和应用研究提供参考和借鉴。     

Genetics of intervertebral disc disease: A review

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common musculoskeletal disease affecting about 5% of all individuals. It is characterized by lumbar disc herniation, which causes nerve root irritation, either mechanically or via inflammatory mediators, and results in radiating pain, known as sciatica. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the causes and risk factors for IVDD. Lifting heavy loads, torsional stress, and motor vehicle driving are among the best-identified environmental risk factors. However, it has become evident recently from family and twin studies that genetic factors may also be important in IVDD. This hypothesis was strengthened by the identification of two collagen IX alleles associated with sciatica and lumbar disc herniation. In addition, disc degeneration has been shown to be related to an aggrecan gene polymorphism, a Vitamin D receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene alleles. This review highlights the genetic role and occupational aspects of IVDD.