《黄帝内经》影响下的《金匮要略》“气化观”探析

探究《黄帝内经》影响下的《金匮要略》"气化观"。运用历史考察、文本分析等文献研究方法，对先秦两汉文化背景下，《黄帝内经》等著作中"气化"这一概念所体现的哲学、医学内涵进行分析，从道、法、术3个层面揭示在其影响下的《金匮要略》"气化观"的形成原因。秦汉哲学认为"气化"是宇宙万物生成的原因和运动的法则，古代医学认为人体气化遵循天地四时阴阳、五行的运行方式，这些都影响了《金匮要略》健康观、诊疗观及其遣方用药原则的形成。《黄帝内经》对《金匮要略》气化理论的构建产生重要影响。     

煤矿井下矿工酒精所致心理障碍的研究

目的:探讨煤矿井下矿工酒精所致心理障碍的现状及影响因素。方法:将井下及地面共239例矿工分为研究组和对照组采用密西根酒精依赖调查表、饮酒问卷、社会支持评定量表、生活满意度量表进行问卷调查。结果:1井下矿工的饮酒量表总分、饮酒等级、酒精依赖显著高于地面矿工(P0.001);2以井下矿工的饮酒量平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、社会支持4个维度和生活满意度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,社会支持的4个维度、生活满意度和文化程度进入回归方程,联合解释变异系数为0.332;以井下矿工酒精依赖平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(包括年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、生活满意度和社会支持4个维度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,生活满意度、社会支持的4个维度和文化程度进入回归方程,其联合解释变异系数为0.250。结论:井下矿工"问题饮酒"及酒精依赖较井上矿工严重,需积极引导矿工健康生活方式,提高保健知识的认知水平,减少"问题饮酒"和酒精所致心理障碍的发生。     

An examination of the effects of mountaintop removal coal mining on respiratory symptoms and COPD using propensity scores

Previous research on public health consequences of mountaintop removal (MTR) coal mining has been limited by the observational nature of the data. The current study used propensity scores, a method designed to overcome this limitation, to draw more confident causal inferences about mining effects on respiratory health using non-experimental data. These data come from a health survey of 682 adults residing in two rural areas of Virginia, USA characterized by the presence or absence of MTR mining. Persons with a history of occupational exposure as coal miners were excluded. Nine covariates including age, sex, current and former smoking, overweight, obesity, high school education, college education, and exposure to coal as a home-heating source were selected to estimate propensity scores. Propensity scores were tested for balance and then used as weights to create quasi-experimental exposed and unexposed groups. Results indicated that persons in the mountaintop mining group had significantly (p?相似文献   

Coal mine dust lung disease in the modern era

Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), as part of the spectrum of coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD), is a preventable but incurable lung disease that can be complicated by respiratory failure and death. Recent increases in coal production from the financial incentive of economic growth lead to higher respirable coal and quartz dust levels, often associated with mechanization of longwall coal mining. In Australia, the observed increase in the number of new CWP diagnoses since the year 2000 has necessitated a review of recommended respirable dust exposure limits, where exposure limits and monitoring protocols should ideally be standardized. Evidence that considers the regulation of engineering dust controls in the mines is lacking even in high‐income countries, despite this being the primary preventative measure. Also, it is a global public health priority for at‐risk miners to be systemically screened to detect early changes of CWP and to include confirmed patients within a central registry; a task limited by financial constraints in less developed countries. Characteristic X‐ray changes are usually categorized using the International Labour Office classification, although future evaluation by low‐dose HRCT) chest scanning may allow for CWP detection and thus avoidance of further exposure, at an earlier stage. Preclinical animal and human organoid‐based models are required to explore potential re‐purposing of anti‐fibrotic and related agents with potential efficacy. Epidemiological patterns and the assessment of molecular and genetic biomarkers may further enhance our capacity to identify susceptible individuals to the inhalation of coal dust in the modern era.     

Health Implications of PAH Release from Coated Cast Iron Drinking Water Distribution Systems in the Netherlands

Background: Coal tar and bitumen have been historically used to coat the insides of cast iron drinking water mains. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may leach from these coatings into the drinking water and form a potential health risk for humans.Objective: We estimated the potential human cancer risk from PAHs in coated cast iron water mains.Method: In a Dutch nationwide study, we collected drinking water samples at 120 locations over a period of 17 days under various operational conditions, such as undisturbed operation, during flushing of pipes, and after a mains repair, and analyzed these samples for PAHs. We then estimated the health risk associated with an exposure scenario over a lifetime.Results: During flushing, PAH levels frequently exceeded drinking water quality standards; after flushing, these levels dropped rapidly. After the repair of cast iron water mains, PAH levels exceeded the drinking water standards for up to 40 days in some locations.Conclusions: The estimated margin of exposure for PAH exposure through drinking water was > 10,000 for all 120 measurement locations, which suggests that PAH exposure through drinking water is of low concern for consumer health. However, factors that differ among water systems, such as the use of chlorination for disinfection, may influence PAH levels in other locations.     

干燥方式对粮食硒和氟含量的影响

目的查明不同干燥方式对粮食硒、氟含量的影响，选择最佳的粮食干燥方法。方法运用流行病学调查法分类采集大巴山区不同干燥方式下的粮食样品。硒的测定用DAN荧光分光光度法，氟的测定用氟离子选择电极法。结果与日晒干燥方式相比，敞烧煤火熏烤可使粮食中的硒、氟含量同时成倍甚至成数百倍增加，降氟炉灶烘烤能有效降低粮食干燥后期的硒、氟污染。结论在大巴山区应摒弃敞烧煤火熏烤的粮食干燥方法，推广使用降氟炉灶并倡导日晒干燥粮食法。     

山西煤矿接尘工人工作倦怠与社会人口学及健康相关因素的关系

目的了解山西省煤矿接尘工人工作倦怠与社会人口学及健康相关因素的关系。方法使用Maslach职业倦怠问卷通用版(MBI-GS)以及自行设计的社会人口学和健康相关问卷对山西7个煤矿的2 055名煤矿接尘工人进行调查研究。结果与工作倦怠3个维度均有关系的因素包括:工作单位规模、体检、呼吸道症状和生病与否。大、中型煤矿接尘工人工作倦怠各维度得分均高于小型煤矿,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);一年一次体检的工人在各维度得分均低于没有体检者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);呼吸道症状越频繁,工人工作倦怠各维度得分越高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);正在生病的工人各维度得分越高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论工作单位规模、体检、呼吸道症状和生病与否是工作倦怠的重要影响因素,在这些方面加以改善可以减轻煤矿接尘工人的工作倦怠。     

A Study on the Utilization of Coal Fly Ash Derived Grog in Clay Ceramics

Grog is an additive material that plays important roles in ceramic making. It improves the fabrication process of green bodies as well as the physical properties of fired bodies. Few low-cost materials and wastes have found their application as grog in recent years, thus encouraging the replacement of commercial grogs with cost-saving materials. Coal fly ash, a combustion waste produced by coal-fired power plant, has the potential to be converted into grog owing to its small particle sizes and high content of silica and alumina. In this study, grog was derived from coal fly ash and mixed with kaolin clay to produce ceramics. Effects of the grog addition on the resultant ceramics were investigated. It was found that, to a certain extent, the grog addition reduced the firing shrinkage and increased the total porosity of the ceramics. The dimensional stability of the ceramics at a firing temperature of 1200 °C was also not noticeably affected by the grog. However, the grog addition in general had negative effects on the biaxial flexural strength and refractoriness of the ceramics.