Cortical activation by a salient sound modulates visual temporal order judgments: An electrophysiological study of multisensory attentional processes

Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies show that a salient lateral sound activates the visual cortex more strongly contralateral to the sound, observed as an auditory-evoked contralateral occipital positivity (ACOP). Studies showed that this activation enhances the early cortical processing of co-localized visual stimuli presented after, reflected by better detection rates, better discrimination, and sharper perceived contrast. We replicated the ACOP, using earphones, and tested whether auditory cuing can influence temporal order judgments (TOJ) for two visual stimuli (horizontal arrangement) as well as if the ACOP would predict the amplitude of this influence. A lateral salient sound was followed, after 150 or 630 ms, by the visual presentation of a pair of disks, one in left and one in right hemifield, with variable SOA. The TOJ task was to indicate which disk appeared first or which disk appeared second (controlling for response bias). We observed an ACOP at posterior electrode sites and confirmed our hypothesis that the lateral sound influenced TOJ by accelerating the perception of the disk presented on the cued side, even though the sound was irrelevant to the task. Furthermore, the ACOP amplitude was correlated to this visual perceptual change, indicating that a larger change in brain activity was associated with a faster processing of co-localized visual stimuli.     

Synthesis of 13C-labeled parabens from isotopically enriched phenols using the Houben–Hoesch reaction

Parabens are antimicrobial additives found in a wide array of consumer products. However, the halogenated compounds formed from parabens during wastewater disinfection are a potential environmental concern. In order to identify these transformation products and investigate their mechanism of formation, a synthetic route to ethyl parabens labeled with the stable isotope carbon-13 at specific positions within the benzene ring was developed. This efficient two-step procedure starts from commercially available ¹³C-labeled phenols and involves (1) initial acylation of the phenol via a Houben–Hoesch reaction with trichloroacetonitrile followed by (2) a modified haloform reaction of the resulting trichloromethyl ketone to afford the corresponding ¹³C-labeled ethyl parabens in 65%–80% overall yield. The scope of the modified haloform reaction was also investigated, allowing for the synthesis of other parabens derived from primary or secondary alcohols, including ¹³C- and deuterium-labeled esters. In addition, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be formed directly from the common trichloromethyl ketone intermediate upon treatment with lithium hydroxide. This protocol complements existing methods for preparing ¹³C-labeled paraben derivatives and offers the specific advantages of exhibiting complete regioselectivity in the Houben–Hoesch reaction (to form the para-disubstituted product) and avoiding the need for protecting groups in the modified haloform reaction that forms the paraben esters.     

HPLC同时测定归芍疏肝散中芍药苷阿魏酸和甘草酸铵的含量

目的:建立同时测定归芍疏肝散中芍药苷、阿魏酸和甘草酸铵含量的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用Amethyst C18色谱柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为237 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:在线性范围内3种成分线性良好(r≥0.9998),精密度RSD均<2%;重复性RSD均<3%;平均回收率98.81%~100.25%,RSD均<2%。结论:该方法快捷,操作简便,结果可靠,可用于归芍疏肝散的质量控制。     

冰黄肤乐软膏中24种机元素含量测定及重金属限量标准的建立

目的:测定冰黄肤乐软膏中无机元素的含量，提出重金属元素的限量标准，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和中医临床用药安全提供参考。方法:通过采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对冰黄肤乐软膏的无机元素进行测定和分析。结果:建立了冰黄肤乐软膏中24种无机元素的含量测定方法，精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收实验结果均符合药典相关规定。结论:建立的冰黄肤乐软膏无机元素检测方法可行，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和临床用药安全提供参考。     

维吾尔医“库西提”法炮制技术规范化研究及巴豆脂肪油含量测定

目的:评价维吾尔医“各立衣克买提”泥法炮制技术和在这种炮制方法前提下改进的新“库西提”法炮制技术对巴豆中脂肪油的含量测定的影响。方法:利用两种炮制方法炮制生巴豆,按《中国药典》2015年版一部巴豆项下的脂肪油含量测定方法进行测定。结果:采用这两种方法炮制的巴豆根据炮制时间不同脂肪油含量依次递减。结论:采用新“库西提”法炮制技术炮制的巴豆的脂肪油含量明显降低。     

活血利水法在骨伤科疾病中的应用

基于骨伤疾病瘀血内阻的重要病机和现代医家"治血重治水"的学术观点,探索概括了活血利水法在骨伤疾病中的应用现状,结合现代医学的认识,全方位分析了活血利水法的优势和缺点。活血利水法可应用于骨折、筋伤等骨伤科大部分疾病及骨伤科疾病的围手术期,能改善肢体肿胀,促进伤口愈合,便于患者早期功能康复,但目前的临床应用尚缺乏统一的规范和标准,且处方不良反应尚未完全阐明。     

丹参干燥前后游离型和结合型酚酸的比较研究

丹参干燥前后,新鲜和干燥丹参中酚酸成分含量有显著性差异,即在干燥过程中随脱水增加,丹参酚酸含量显著增加。为探究丹参干燥前后游离型和结合型酚酸含量的差异及转化,该实验对丹参酚酸水解方法、水解产物、水解规律等进行研究,采用UPLC测定丹参结合型酚酸4种主要水解产物丹参素、咖啡酸二聚体(SMND-309)、咖啡酸、甘西鼠尾草酸甲(原紫草酸)以及丹参中3种主要游离酚酸成分(迷迭香酸、紫草酸和丹酚酸B)的含量。结果显示,丹参酚酸的碱水解效果显著优于酸水解,优选的碱水解条件为用含有1%抗坏血酸的2 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液于70℃水解4 h;游离酚酸和结合酚酸的水解产物相同;新鲜丹参中游离酚酸含量较低,结合酚酸含量较高,而干燥丹参却相反。提示丹参生长过程中已积累储存了大量的结合型酚酸,主要以酯键与细胞壁多糖结合形成了不溶性酚酸,常规方法不易检出,在干燥脱水过程中,结合型酚酸或在相关酶的作用下转化生成大量的游离酚酸。     

生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨矿含量影响的研究

目的从基因分子水平探讨酒精性骨质疏松(alcoholic osteoporosis,AOP)大鼠的发病机制,观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)表达的影响,探讨生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠模型的中药防治作用机理。方法选取成年雄性(清洁级)SD大鼠120只,称体重,随机分为4组,每组各30只,用白酒灌胃法造模,同时分别给予生理盐水、碳酸钙阿法D3、生髓健骨胶囊灌胃给药。于造模8、12、16周末取材,检测股骨上端BMD、BMC指标。结果检测造模干预8、12、16周后BMD、BMC指标变化,模型组BMD、BMC与正常组比较明显降低,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),结果表明饮酒大鼠确实存在骨量减少,BMD、BMC降低;中药干预组BMD、BMC与模型组相比显著升高(P0.01);中药干预组BMD、BMC与西药对照组相比,明显升高(P0.05)。结论通过观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠的实验指标,证明了生髓健骨胶囊能够提高AOP大鼠骨密度,增加骨矿含量,抑制矿物质丢失,改善大鼠的骨代谢。