Repurposing of parenterally administered active substances used to treat pain both systemically and locally

Pain is a constant in our lives. The efficacy of drug therapy administered by the parenteral route is often limited either by the physicochemical characteristics of the drug itself or its adsorption–distribution–metabolism–excretion (ADME) mechanisms. One promising alternative is the design of innovative drug delivery systems that can improve the pharmacokinetics |(PK) and/or reduce the toxicity of traditionally used drugs. In this review, we discuss several products that have been approved by the main regulatory agencies (i.e., nano- and microsystems, implants, and oil-based solutions), highlighting the newest technologies that govern both locally and systemically the delivery of drugs. Finally, we also discuss the risk assessment of the scale-up process required, given the impact that this approach could have on drug manufacturing.Teaser: The management of pain by way of the parenteral route can be improved using complex drug delivery systems (e.g., micro- and nanosystems) which require high-level assessment and shorten the regulatory pathway.     

Differential biological effects in two pedigrees of clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to cadmium using iTRAQ-based proteomics

Due to the industrial discharges, cadmium (Cd) has been one of typical heavy metal pollutants in the Bohai Sea. Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is frequently used for pollution biomonitoring and consists of several pedigrees, of which White and Zebra clams are the dominant pedigrees along the Bohai Sea coast. However, limited attention has been paid on the differential biological effects in different pedigrees of clam to heavy metals. In this work, the proteome profiling analysis was performed to reveal the differential proteomic responses in White and Zebra clams to Cd exposure (200 μg/L) for 48 h, followed by bioinformatical analysis. The proteomic investigations showed that Cd treatment induced more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in White clam samples than in Zebra clam samples. Based on the DEPs, we found that some key biological processes consisting of immune response and metabolism were commonly induced in both two pedigrees of clam. Uniquely, some processes related to cellular signaling, proteolysis and energy production were enhanced in Cd-treated White clam samples. Comparatively, the depletion in some unique processes on proteolysis and energy production was elicited in Cd-treated Zebra clam samples, as well as disorder in gene expression. Moreover, Cd exposure caused increases in CAT and POD activities in White clam samples and decreases in SOD and CAT activities in Zebra clams samples, which were consistent with the proteomic responses. Overall, these findings confirmed the differential biological effects of White and Zebra clams to Cd treatment, suggesting that the pedigree of animal should be taken into consideration in ecotoxicology studies.     

医联体联合病房云医疗业务系统设计与应用

为实现医联体上下级医疗机构之间医疗业务的无缝衔接,华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉市中心医院利用互联网技术,构建了上下级医疗机构之间的信息共享与交换机制,研发了医联体联合病房云医疗业务应用系统。该系统实现了上下级医疗机构的医疗资源与数据信息共享,方便患者就医,提高医疗服务水平。     

青霉素杂质谱分析方法的优化与转换

目的建立青霉素杂质谱HPLC分析方法,并将其转换成UPLC/UHPLC方法。方法以青霉素混合降解溶液为样品;首先分析《中国药典》(2010年版,ChP2010)方法甲醇-缓冲盐二元流动相色谱系统的缺陷;再利用实验设计理念,以响应曲面法(response surface methodology,RSM)的中心组合设计(central composition design,CCD)对色谱系统进行优化,满意度函数法确定最优色谱条件,并优化梯度洗脱条件;最后,利用软件对HPLC方法的流速、进样体积和梯度时间进行几何缩放,并通过色谱柱的选择,将其分别转换为UPLC方法和UHPLC方法。结果新HPLC方法:色谱柱为Capcell Pak C18 MGII(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流速:1.0m L/min,进样体积:20μL;UPLC方法:色谱柱为Cortecs C18(2.1mm×100mm,1.6μm),流速:0.35m L/min,进样体积:2.0μL;UHPLC方法:Cortecs C18(4.6mm×150mm,2.76μm),流速:0.8mL/min,进样体积:10μL。3种方法的检测波长均为225nm,柱温均为34℃;流动相A均为磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸二氢钾10.6g,加水至1000mL,用磷酸调pH至3.4)-甲醇(72:14,V/V),流动相B均为乙腈;均为梯度洗脱,但梯度洗脱表不同。结论 3个色谱系统的分离效果(出峰顺序和个数)相似。新HPLC方法可以分离出更多的降解杂质,并明显改善了青霉素峰的拖尾,缩短了分析时间。