炔雌醇环丙孕酮片用于PCOS不孕治疗中的效果

目的 分析炔雌醇环丙孕酮片(达英-35)、二甲双胍联合克罗米芬序贯用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕的临床效果.方法 选取在医院接受治疗的多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者88例,选取时间为2017年10月—2018年12月,随机将所有患者分为2组,即对照组(44例)、观察组(44例),对照组患者行炔雌醇环丙孕酮片、克罗米芬序贯治疗,观察组患者行达英-35、二甲双胍联合克罗米芬序贯治疗.结果 经过治疗后,观察组患者的妊娠率为86.36%,明显高于对照组患者的妊娠率,数据差异显著,P<0.05;治疗后,两组患者的LH、FSH、T、E2等激素水平与治疗前对比,差异显著,P<0.05;治疗后,观察组患者的LH、FSH、T、E2等激素水平与对照组对比,数据差异较明显,P<0.05.结论 多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者接受炔雌醇环丙孕酮片、二甲双胍联合克罗米芬序贯治疗,可以改善患者的激素水平,提高患者的妊娠几率.     

中西医结合促排卵治疗肾精不足型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的临床观察

目的观察育肾通络颗粒联合氯米芬促排卵治疗肾精不足型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的临床疗效。方法纳入62例肾精不足型PCOS不孕症患者,随机分为治疗组(31例)和对照组(31例)。两组患者均在月经周期或孕酮撤退性出血第5天开始口服枸橼酸氯米芬片,连服5 d;在此基础上,治疗组患者于经净后予育肾通络颗粒口服,对照组患者予育肾通络颗粒模拟剂口服,直至排卵期。两组疗程均为3个月经周期。评价两组的临床疗效,比较两组患者的妊娠情况及中医证候积分,通过阴道超声监测患者的排卵情况和排卵期子宫内膜厚度,比较两组未妊娠患者治疗前后的睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平及LH/FSH比值。结果①治疗后,治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.8%和90.3%,两组临床疗效差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组。②治疗组和对照组患者的排卵率分别为91.5%和75.9%,治疗组患者的排卵率高于对照组(P0.05)。③治疗过程中,治疗组患者的妊娠率为54.8%,对照组患者的妊娠率为35.5%,两组妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。④治疗后,治疗组患者的中医证候积分明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组患者的积分明显低于对照组(P0.01)。⑤在治疗的第1、第2、第3月经周期中,治疗组患者的排卵期子宫内膜厚度较对照组均明显增厚(P0.01)。⑥治疗后,两组未妊娠患者的T、LH水平及LH/FSH比值较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者的LH/FSH比值低于对照组(P0.05)。结论育肾通络颗粒联合氯米芬治疗肾精不足型PCOS不孕症具有协同作用,可明显提高患者的排卵率,改善中医证候,增加子宫内膜厚度,改善性激素水平,其总体临床疗效优于单用氯米芬治疗。     

去氧孕烯炔雌醇片预处理联合氯米芬用于宫颈机能不全患者体外受精-胚胎移植的临床研究

目的 观察去氧孕烯炔雌醇片预处理联合氯米芬用于宫颈机能不全患者体外受精-胚胎移植的临床疗效,并分析其不良妊娠结局的影响因素。方法 将120例拟接受体外受精-胚胎移植的宫颈机能不全患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予氯米芬微刺激治疗,观察组给予去氧孕烯炔雌醇片预处理联合氯米芬微刺激治疗。比较两组患者的周期取消率、生化妊娠率及临床妊娠率、获卵数、正常受精卵数、早孕期流产率、血清胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）。结果 观察组患者的促性腺激素（GTH）用量、GTH刺激天数少于对照组,人绒毛膜促性腺素（HCG）注射日雌激素值小于对照组,周期取消率、早孕期流产率、晚期流产率、早产率低于对照组（P <0.05）,正常受精率、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、活产率、A型子宫内膜率高于对照组,获卵数、正常受精卵数多于对照组,扳机日子宫内膜厚度厚于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组患者刺激前后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平的差值大于对照组（P <0.05）。一般Logistic回归分析结果显示,不孕年龄［O^R=0.882（95% CI：0.511,0.999）］、不同刺激方案［O^R=1.062（95% CI：1.001,2.112）］、GTH用量［O^R=0.712（95% CI：0.526,0.941）］、获卵数［O^R=1.122（95% CI：1.022,1.201）］、可利用胚胎数［O^R=2.012（95% CI：1.561,2.300）］是妊娠不良结局的危险因素（P <0.05）。结论 去氧孕烯炔雌醇片预处理联合氯米芬可显著改善患者的IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平及妊娠结局;且可利用胚胎数较多、GTH用量较少的患者,其妊娠结局较好、获卵数较多。     

In vitro effects of clomiphene citrate on sperm parameters and fertilisation rate in male NMRI mice

Clomiphene citrate (CC), as a medication in male infertility, improves the sperm parameters in oral consumption but various detrimental side effects have been reported including testicular tumours, gynaecomastia, skin allergic reactions and ocular symptoms. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the in vitro effects of CC on sperm parameters and fertilisation rate in IVF protocol. Sperm samples of NMRI adult mice were divided into six groups: group 1 received no treatment (control group), while groups of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (experimental groups) were incubated with the doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml of CC in culture medium respectively. Sperm parameters (viability, morphology and motility), DNA fragmentation levels and fertilisation rate in IVF were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the doses of 0.1 µg/ml (p = .000007 for viability and p = .00006 for fertilisation rate) and 1 µg/ml (p = .032 for viability and p = .005 for fertilisation rate) CC cause a significant improvements; also, the dose of 0.1 µg/ml CC found effective on sperm motility (p = .0003). In the field of IVF, the application of 0.1 and 1 µg/ml of CC in the culture medium may improve the sperm parameters in IVF protocol with no side effects.     

噻唑烷二酮类药物对氯米芬抵抗型的多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者治疗有效性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价罗格列酮、吡格列酮等噻唑烷二酮类药物(TZD)治疗氯米芬(CC)抵抗型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕患者的疗效。方法:计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、维普、生物医学文献、万方等数据库,检索时间截止至2015年1月。由两名评价者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入4个随机对照研究,222例CC抵抗型PCOS不孕患者。Meta分析结果表明,TZD组在排卵率、妊娠率、成熟卵泡数、改善卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)方面均优于对照组,其中提高排卵率[MD=2.14;95%CI(1.16,3.95),P=0.02]、妊娠率[MD=2.02;95%CI(1.14,3.58),P=0.02]、增加成熟卵泡数[MD=0.82;95%CI(0.61,1.04),P<0.01]及降低LH值[MD=-1.18;95%CI(-1.76,-0.60),P<0.01]等4个结局指标的两组间差异具有统计学意义。结论:对于生育要求较强、经济条件好且胰岛素抵抗较严重的CC抵抗型PCOS患者,可首选TZD预治疗。     

氯米芬联合HCG对不孕症患者内分泌指标及子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的:探讨氯米芬联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对不孕症患者内分泌指标及子宫内膜容受性(ER)的影响。方法:回顾性分析某院妇产科2018年11月~2019年11月接收的96例不孕症患者临床资料,将采用氯米芬联合HCG治疗的患者归为观察组(49例),将单独采用氯米芬治疗的患者归为对照组(47例),对比两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月内分泌指标、ER及卵巢体积变化情况以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗3个月后,两组促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)及孕酮(P)水平均较治疗前高,且观察组FSH、LH、E_2及P水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,两组子宫内膜厚度(Em)指标较治疗前上升,卵巢体积较治疗前缩小,且观察组Em指标较大,卵巢体积较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:不孕症患者采用氯米芬联合HCG治疗效果良好,可有效改善内分泌指标,提升ER指标,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。     

Ovulation induction in young girls with menometrorragia: a safe and effective treatment

The prevalence of menometrorrhagia in fertile women is 11.4–13.2% and increases with aging. The presence of metrorrhagia is a relatively common cause of concern among adolescents and their parents, as well as a frequent cause of visits to emergency departments, gynaecologists, and pediatricians. Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that increases the production of gonadotropins by inhibiting negative feedback on the hypothalamus.

Clomiphene is primarily used in the treatment of female infertility for ovulation induction to reverse oligoovulation or anovulation, as occurs in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction, and therefore, in the cessation of bleeding in adolescents with menometrorrhagia in the absence of uterine, ovarian, or systemic pathologies.

Design: Cohort study.

Materials and methods: The study group was comprised of 50 subjects (age range, 13–16 years) with menometrorrhagia (bleeding >7 days in length with an average blood loss >80?ml). The treatment with clomiphene citrate at a dose of 50?mg/day for 5 days during the attack cycle, and from days 3 to 7 of three subsequent cycles, was offered to the patients.

Results: After three cycles of therapy, all patients had resolution of the menometrorrhagia and resumption of ovulatory cycles. No patient reported unwanted side effects.

Conclusion: We propose that low-dose clomiphene should be the first step in the treatment of adolescent dysfunctional bleeding (DUB).     

Tubal pregnancy after clomiphene treatment: are you sure is not bilateral?

The estimated prevalence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is 1–2% worldwide. Bilateral tubal pregnancies represent the rarest form of heterotopic pregnancy, and spontaneously conceived are extremely unusual, as many cases are derived from assisted reproductive techniques. We describe a case of bilateral tubal pregnancy after clomiphene therapy and sexual intercourse in which the second EP was not contemporarily revealed.