层流洁净新生儿重症监护病房早产儿实施床旁手术的可行性分析

 目的 探讨层流洁净新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)早产儿实施床旁手术的效果与可行性。方法 回顾性分析某军队三甲综合医院2017年9月—2020年10月NICU住院并进行床旁动脉导管扎闭术(PDA)及腹部探查术的危重新生儿的临床资料,在NICU行床旁手术者列为NICU组,转入手术室进行手术者列为手术室(OR)组,比较两组新生儿术后体温、切口感染率及病死率的差异。结果 共计纳入258例新生儿,其中NICU组166例,OR组92例。NICU组新生儿出生胎龄、出生体质量、手术时体质量、新生儿危重病例评分均低于OR组;NICU组新生儿术前应用呼吸机通气比例高于OR组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。NICU组与OR组新生儿术中抽检空气培养微生物菌落数、术前体温、PDA与剖腹探查术的构成比例、术后切口感染发病率及病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),但手术后OR组新生儿平均体温低于NICU组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 层流洁净NICU早产儿行床旁PDA和腹部手术临床可行,且床旁手术更有利于减少术后低体温的发生。对层流洁净病房进行日常规范化维护,可以有效保障危重早产儿床旁手术的安全。     

Aortic flow after valve sparing root replacement with or without neosinuses reconstruction

Objectives

This study applied advanced 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging processing to assess differences in aortic flow dynamics after valve sparing root replacement, with and without reconstruction of the Valsalva sinuses.

药材部位、产地及采收期对中药挥发油成分的差异性分析

中药挥发油质量的稳定性是其发挥临床疗效及确保安全性的重要前提。由于中药挥发油的质量受到入药部位、药材产地、药材采收期、提取工艺、炮制工艺等诸多因素的影响,从而导致挥发油的出油率或所含化学成分出现差异,影响中药挥发油质量的均一性,进而影响挥发油的疗效。因此,如何把控挥发油的质量是中药挥发油发挥作用的关键。分析了药材不同入药部位、不同产地和不同采收期对中药挥发油质量的影响,并对《中国药典》2015年版含有挥发油成分的196味中药按药用部位进行分类,讨论了不同入药部位、产地和采收期对中药挥发油成分的差异性,以期为中药挥发油的开发及中药挥发油质量标准的建立提供参考。     

Intratelencephalic projections of the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge: Laminarly segregated,reciprocally and topographically organized

Recent reports have shown that the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is organized as a trilayered complex, in which the forming layers—the thalamo-recipient entopallium (E), an overlaying nidopallial stripe called intermediate nidopallium (NI), and the dorsally adjacent mesopallium ventrale—appear to be extensively interconnected by topographically organized columns of reciprocal axonal processes running perpendicular to the layers, an arrangement highly reminiscent to that of the sensory cortices of mammals. In the present report, we implemented in vivo anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques aiming to elucidate the organization of the connections of this complex with other pallial areas. Previous studies have shown that the efferent projections of the visual DVR originate mainly from the NI and E, reaching several distinct associative and premotor nidopallial areas. We found that the efferents from the visual DVR originated solely from the NI, and confirmed that the targets of these projections were the pallial areas described by previous studies. We also found novel projections from the NI to the visual hyperpallium, and to the lateral striatum. Moreover, we found that these projections were reciprocal, topographically organized, and originated from different cell populations within the NI. We conclude that the NI constitutes a specialized layer of the visual DVR that form the core of a dense network of highly specific connections between this region and other higher order areas of the avian pallium. Finally, we discuss to what extent these hodological properties resemble those of the mammalian cortical layers II/III.     

边疆少数民族地区寄宿制小学生同伴关系、亲子沟通与孤独感之间的关系

目的:分析边疆少数民族地区的农村寄宿制小学生同伴关系、亲子沟通和孤独感之间的关系,探讨影响孤独感的内在机制。方法:采用同伴关系量表、亲子沟通问卷和孤独感量表对463名边疆少数民族地区寄宿制小学生进行调查,用结构方程对三者之间的因果关系构建模型,并用收集来的数据进行模型拟合。结果:1同伴关系、亲子沟通和孤独感有密切的相关关系;2亲子沟通对孤独感产生直接影响,路径系数分别为-0.45和-0.30;3同伴关系是亲子沟通对孤独感产生影响的中介因素,亲子沟通通过同伴接受和同伴恐惧自卑影响孤独感的路径系数分别为-0.47和0.57。结论:亲子关系、同伴关系和孤独感之间的关系表现为亲子关系不仅对孤独感产生直接影响,还通过同伴关系这一中介对孤独感产生影响。     

Social support,rural/urban residence,and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults

This study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.     

黑龙江省贫困县居民健康传播参与现状与对策

摘 要 目的 为发挥卫生健康宣教中心健康传播功能，做好贫困地区健康促进攻坚工作，进一步提升贫困地区居民健康素养水平，对居住在黑龙江省7个市14个贫困县166个乡镇的1 336名居民开展调查。方法 自行设计问卷，采用分层随机抽样方法，运用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行数据处理。结果 黑龙江省贫困地区居民，经常关注健康传播的人数最多，大多数人（70.5%）通过官方网站或公众号获取新型健康管理信息。针对贫困县居民参与健康传播的四个方面关注度、参与度、传播度、接受和需求度，进行分类与比较。贫困地区居民认为健康传播应该最先关注老年人健康问题，然后依次是中年人和婴幼儿，最后是青少年。与男性相比，女性对婴幼儿和青少年问题更为关注。不同年龄组关注的健康传播信息类型不同、内容不同和传播方式不同。文化程度和居住地，在调查内容上有显著性差异性。讨论 考虑在贫困地区多组织互动性良好的健康知识讲座。年龄是健康传播关注的主要影响因素，年轻人成为信息分享人，健康传播效率和接受程度将大大提高。