Mechanoelectrical transduction in chondrocytes

Cartilage tissue lines the joints of mammals, helping to lubricate joint movement and distribute mechanical loads. This tissue is comprised of isolated cells known as chondrocytes which are embedded in an extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilage by sensing and responding to changing mechanical loads. Mechanosensitive ion channels have been implicated in chondrocyte mechanotransduction and recent studies have shown that both PIEZO1 and TRPV4 can be activated by mechanical stimuli in these cells. The 2 channels mediate separate but overlapping mechanoelectrical transduction pathways, PIEZO1 in response to stretch and substrate deflections and TRPV4 in response to substrate deflections alone. These distinct pathways of mechanoelectrical transduction suggest a mechanism by which chondrocytes can distinguish between different stimuli that arise in their complex mechanical environment.     

Self-assembled monolayers of phosphonates promote primary chondrocyte adhesion to silicon dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol materials

The optimal solution for articular cartilage repair has not yet been identified, in part because of the challenges in achieving integration with the host. Coatings have the potential to transform the adhesive features of surfaces, but their application to cartilage repair has been limited. Self-assembled monolayer of phosphonates (SAMPs) have been demonstrated to increase the adhesion of various immortalized cell types to metal and polymer surfaces, but their effect on primary chondrocyte adhesion has not been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of primary chondrocytes to SAMP coatings. We hypothesized a SAMP terminated with an α,ω-bisphosphonic acid, in particular butane-1,4-diphosphonic acid, would increase the number of adherent primary chondrocytes to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). To test our hypothesis, we first established our ability to successfully modify silicon dioxide (SiO₂) surfaces to enable chondrocytes to attach to the surface, without substantial changes in gene expression. Secondly, we applied identical chemistry to PVA, and quantified chondrocyte adhesion. SAMP modification to SiO₂ increased chondrocyte adhesion by ×3 after 4?hr and ×4.5 after 24?hr. PVA modification with SAMPs increased chondrocyte adhesion by at least ×31 after 4 and 24?hours. Changes in cell morphology indicated that SAMP modification led to improved chondrocyte adhesion and spreading, without changes in gene expression. In summary, we modified SiO₂ and PVA with SAMPs and observed an increase in the number of adherent primary bovine chondrocytes at 4 and 24?hr post-seeding. Mechanisms of chondrocyte interaction with SAMP-modified surfaces require further investigation.     

髁突软骨细胞受压力刺激前后的差异蛋白质电泳分析

目的:建立体外培养的髁突软骨细胞加载压力刺激前后双向电泳差异表达谱.方法:利用已建立的髁突软骨细胞的体外培养模型,抽提各组细胞总蛋白质,进行等电聚焦双向电泳,建立压力刺激前后髁突软骨细胞双向电泳差异表达谱.结果:加压组的体外培养的髁突软骨细胞蛋白质双向电泳表达谱与对照组的相比具有显著性的差异,主要表现为图谱斑点的增减以及部分斑点的染色面积和染色深浅发生了明显变化,本实验共发现了10个加压后差异表达蛋白点,其中3个在加压培养后表达消失,1个在加压培养后出现表达,4个在加压培养后表达减弱,有2个蛋白点呈进行性表达增强.结论:压力刺激髁突软骨细胞细胞会造成其表达差异性的蛋白质.     

Study on the effects of mechanical pressure to the ultrastructure and secretion ability of mandibular condylar chondrocytes

During mandibular movement, condyle is subjected to repetitive compression and the mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) can detect and respond to this biomechanical environment by altering their metabolism. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pressure to the ultrastructure, aggrecan synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin F(1)alpha(PGF(1)alpha) secretion in MCCs. In vitro cultured rabbit MCCs were incubated and pressed under continuous pressure of 90kPa for 60min and 360min by hydraulic pressure controlled cellular strain unit. The ultrastructure, aggrecan mRNA expression, activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and PGF(1)alpha secretion were investigated. Besides, nitric oxide inhibitor was used together with pressure to investigate the role of NO in mechanical effects. The appearance of MCC on TEM showed that after been pressed under 90kPa for 60min, the cellular processes became elongated and voluminous, together with aggrecan mRNA increasing. Under 90kPa for 360min, some of the cells showed distinct sign of apotosis and the aggrecan mRNA decreased. Pressure of 90kPa could cause increase of NOS activity and decrease of PGF(1)alpha composition. Inhibitor experiments indicated that pressure-induced upregulation of aggrecan mRNA and inhibition of PGF(1)alpha synthesis was partly mediated by NO. Continuous pressure could cause changes on the ultrastructure and function of MCC, as well as up-regulation of aggrecan synthesis, increase of NO secretion and decrease of PGF(1)alpha composition. NO was the upstream molecule, which mediated the response of aggrecan and PGF(1)alpha to mechanical pressure.     

静张应力对大鼠髁突软骨细胞增殖效应调节研究

目的　探讨静张应力环境对髁突软骨细胞增殖效应的影响。方法　将第4代大鼠下颌髁突软骨细胞在细胞膜式张应力施加装置上培养,检测不同血清浓度及持续不同的静张应力(5 kPa、10 kPa)在0~12 h内对髁突软骨细胞增殖活性的影响。结果　低血清培养基中,随培养时间的延长,硅胶膜上髁突软骨细胞的增殖活性受到抑制;短期(2h)的静张应力(5 kPa、10 kPa)对髁突软骨细胞细胞周期的调控影响不大;0~10 h内5 kPa静张应力组软骨细胞增殖指数随着张应力作用时间的延长不断上升,增殖指数峰值位于10 h处;0~8 h内10 kPa静张应力组软骨细胞增殖指数随着张应力作用时间的延长不断上升,增殖指数峰值位于8 h处;5 kPa静张应力组较10 kPa静张应力组对髁突软骨细胞具有更大的促增殖作用。结论　静张应力可以调节髁突软骨细胞的增殖活性。     

不同静压力对新生SD大鼠髁突软骨细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的：探讨不同静压力对髁突软骨细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。方法：对培养到第3代新生SD大鼠髁突软骨细胞加载0、12、24、36kPa静压力1h后立即收集样本，用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡与增殖指数的变化。结果：随着压力的增加（0、12、24、36kPa），除24kPa外，细胞增殖指数和凋亡指数在加力结束时（0h）均减少（P〈0．05），其中，细胞增殖指数在36kPa加力结束时减幅最大，细胞凋亡指数则在12kPa加力结束时减幅最大。结论：在0、12、24、36kPa力值范围内，软骨细胞增殖、凋亡与应力值存在一定的关系，但这并非是简单的线性关系。     

衰老表型肝细胞外泌体对脂多糖致炎软骨细胞的影响及白芍的干预效应

目的  研究衰老表型的肝细胞外泌体对脂多糖(LPS)刺激软骨细胞的影响及白芍的干预效应。方法  提取小鼠肝原代细胞,CCK-8法筛选白芍水煎液干预肝细胞的最佳浓度。随后,肝细胞随机分为空白组、衰老组和白芍组,0.3 mmol·L-1过氧化氢诱导肝细胞衰老,检测肝细胞p16、p21、p53的基因和蛋白表达,观察肝细胞衰老及白芍的干预效应。分别提取各组肝细胞上清中的外泌体,通过电镜、粒径分析、四旋蛋白CD9、CD63、CD81鉴定外泌体。培养小鼠软骨细胞,LPS刺激以模拟KOA炎症环境,检测细胞上清液中TNF-α和IL-1β含量以验证造模成功。PHK67染色标记肝细胞外泌体并观察软骨细胞的摄入情况。将收集的各组肝细胞外泌体用于干预LPS致炎软骨细胞,检测软骨细胞基质降解合成标记物MMP3、MMP13、SOX9、ADAMTS5的基因和蛋白表达水平。结果  经CCK-8法筛选,100 μg·mL-1为白芍水煎液干预肝细胞的最佳浓度。过氧化氢干预后,衰老组中细胞衰老标记物p16、p21、p53的基因和蛋白表达均高于正常组(P < 0.05),而在白芍组则较衰老组降低(P < 0.05)。各组肝细胞所收集外泌体均呈现双层膜结构,形态大小无差异,粒径富集均满足40~120 nm区间,代表性粒径富集于116.8 nm,丰度98%,外泌体标记物四旋蛋白CD9、CD63、CD81均为阳性表达。软骨细胞上清液中,促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β的含量均在LPS刺激后较刺激前升高(P < 0.01),PHK67染色试剂确认软骨细胞对各组肝细胞外泌体的摄入。衰老组肝细胞外泌体的干预下,软骨细胞基质降解合成标记物MMP3、MMP13、SOX9、ADAMTS5的基因和蛋白表达水平均较空白组肝细胞外泌体干预升高(P < 0.05),而白芍组肝细胞外泌体干预则较衰老组肝细胞外泌体干预降低(P < 0.05)。结论  衰老表型肝细胞外泌体可加剧LPS致炎软骨细胞的退变进程,白芍水煎剂对此环节存在良性干预。      

大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育中相关信号通路的初步筛查

目的:通过建立的大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育过程中蛋白表达差异谱,分析可能参与的信号通路,为进一步认识髁突软骨生理性及病理性生长改建的信号调控机制提供相关信息。方法:收获出生后1、7、14、28 d共4组SD大鼠髁突软骨细胞,甲苯胺蓝染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色鉴定软骨细胞。提取各组软骨细胞总蛋白,采用i TRAQ标记定量蛋白,2D nano-HPLC和基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF),获取出生后大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育过程中差异蛋白的表达谱,所得数据用MASCOT软件处理,筛选样本之间有意义的差异蛋白,运用GO法及David软件进行KEGG信号通路分析。结果 :共鉴定137种具有可信度表达的蛋白,有44种蛋白参与至少27条KEGG信号通路,其中ECM-受体相互作用、焦点粘连、actin骨架调节、Ca2+信号通路、血管平滑肌收缩、Gn RH信号通路、肌醇三磷酸代谢、磷脂酰肌醇信号系统以及核糖体等信号通路具有统计学意义。结论:在大鼠髁突软骨发育中,各信号通路蛋白在时间、空间上差异性表达,共同形成复杂的信号传递网络。     

屈膝点按叩揉法调控L型电压依赖性钙通道影响软骨细胞代谢的机制研究

[目的]通过分析屈膝点按叩揉法调控L型电压依赖性钙通道影响软骨细胞合成代谢,探讨该手法防治膝骨性关节炎(KOA)的分子机制。[方法]50只新西兰大耳白兔随机分成5组,运用Hulth造模法构建KOA兔模型,治疗组采用屈膝点按叩揉法治疗,阳性对照组采用关节腔注射玻璃酸钠注射液治疗,正常组、假手术组及模型组同条件饲养。通过实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法检测L型电压依赖性钙通道α1亚基及合成代谢相关蛋白的表达。[结果]治疗组、阳性对照组Cav1.2、Cav1.3、Cav1.4、PTHr P、ColⅡ蛋白的表达均高于模型组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组Cav1.2、Cav1.3、Cav1.4、PTHr P、ColⅡ蛋白的表达与阳性对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。[结论]屈膝点按叩揉法通过影响L型电压依赖性钙通道蛋白,增加细胞内钙离子浓度,上调甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHr P)的表达,进而发挥促软骨细胞合成代谢的作用。