首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   839篇
  免费   37篇
  国内免费   18篇
耳鼻咽喉   3篇
儿科学   4篇
妇产科学   1篇
基础医学   320篇
口腔科学   4篇
临床医学   9篇
内科学   77篇
皮肤病学   11篇
神经病学   94篇
特种医学   8篇
外科学   35篇
综合类   75篇
预防医学   92篇
眼科学   46篇
药学   75篇
中国医学   29篇
肿瘤学   11篇
  2023年   5篇
  2022年   6篇
  2021年   22篇
  2020年   24篇
  2019年   28篇
  2018年   17篇
  2017年   23篇
  2016年   29篇
  2015年   23篇
  2014年   23篇
  2013年   45篇
  2012年   26篇
  2011年   39篇
  2010年   38篇
  2009年   35篇
  2008年   33篇
  2007年   34篇
  2006年   30篇
  2005年   31篇
  2004年   15篇
  2003年   33篇
  2002年   23篇
  2001年   27篇
  2000年   17篇
  1999年   16篇
  1998年   29篇
  1997年   19篇
  1996年   14篇
  1995年   11篇
  1994年   8篇
  1993年   12篇
  1992年   14篇
  1991年   8篇
  1990年   12篇
  1989年   8篇
  1988年   5篇
  1987年   8篇
  1986年   5篇
  1985年   18篇
  1984年   18篇
  1983年   8篇
  1982年   21篇
  1981年   14篇
  1980年   8篇
  1979年   2篇
  1978年   4篇
  1977年   4篇
  1976年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
排序方式: 共有894条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
If arteries penetrate bones through foramina, regional artery blood flow rates can be estimated from the foramen sizes. Femoral bone blood flow rates estimated from nutrient foramen sizes were previously not absolute, but only a relative blood flow index (Qi), because the size relationship between the foramen and the occupying artery was unknown. The current study used vascular contrast and micro-computerized tomographic scanning to investigate femoral nutrient foramen and nutrient artery sizes in three groups of sub-adult chickens (non-laying hens, laying hens, and roosters) of similar ages. The results indicate that the cross-sectional area of the nutrient artery lumen occupies approximately 20.2 ± 4.1% of the foramen for femora with only one foramen. Artery lumen size is significantly correlated with foramen size. Vascular contrast imaging is capable of estimating blood flow rates through nutrient arteries, as blood flow rates estimated from artery lumen casts are similar to blood flow rates measured by infusion of fluorescent-labeled microspheres. Laying hens tend to have higher nutrient artery perfusion rates than non-laying hens, probably due to extra oxygen and calcium requirements for eggshell production, although the calculated blood flow difference was not statistically significant. Histological embedding and sectioning along with vascular contrast imaging reveal variable nutrient foramen morphology and nutrient artery location among femora with more than one nutrient foramen.  相似文献   
2.
目的:观察中药复方合剂对甲型流感病毒A/PR/8/34(H1N1)的抑制作用。方法:采用鸡胚法检测药物对鸡胚的最大无毒限量和半数鸡胚感染量(EID50),通过中药复方合剂对病毒的直接作用、预防作用和治疗作用,观察鸡胚的存活率和测定鸡胚尿囊液血凝滴度。结果:中药复方合剂对鸡胚最大安全浓度为500 mg/mL,半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)为10-3.83;在3种给药方式中,中药复方合剂各剂量组对鸡胚均有不同程度的保护作用,250mg/mL时鸡胚存活率100%;在血凝滴度测试中,同时给药、预防给药和治疗给药药物浓度在62.5、125.0、250.0 mg/mL时,血凝滴度均低于病毒对照组的1/4,表现为抗病毒活性(P<0.01),且呈现一定的量效关系。结论:中药复方合剂3种给药方式均能明显抑制甲型流感病毒A/PR/8/34(H1N1)在鸡胚中的增殖,对感染鸡胚有较好的保护作用。  相似文献   
3.
《Vaccine》2021,39(14):1933-1942
The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.  相似文献   
4.
5.
The expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), Myf5, MyoD, myogenin (Mgn) and MRF4 have been analysed during the development of chicken embryo somites and limbs. In somites, Myf5 is expressed first in somites and paraxial mesoderm at HH stage 9 followed by MyoD at HH stage 12, and Mgn and MRF4 at HH stage 14. In older somites, Myf5 and MyoD are also expressed in the ventrally extending myotome prior to Mgn and MRF4 expression. In limb muscles a similar temporal sequence is observed with Myf5 expression detected first in forelimbs at HH stage 22, MyoD at HH stage 23, Mgn at HH stage 24 and MRF4 at HH stage 30. This report describes the precise time of onset of expression of each MRF in somites and limbs during chicken embryo development, and provides a detailed comparative timeline of MRF expression in different embryonic muscle groups.  相似文献   
6.
张桃  谢铭  贺新媛  杨雪峰 《重庆医学》2015,(2):155-157,160
目的:建立人结肠癌鸡胚移植模型,研究龙葵碱对其血管生成的影响。方法将鸡胚分为对照组和低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组(均n=10),将培养的人结肠癌细胞系HT‐29细胞株接种到鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)上,通过立体显微镜、Image‐proplus6.0图像分析软件及免疫组织化学苏木精‐伊红(HE)染色法,观察移植瘤在CAM上血管生成的特点,及不同龙葵碱剂量对血管生成的影响。结果HT‐29细胞接种到CAM第3~5天,大量血管向瘤体集中,长入或跨越瘤体表面,肿瘤迅速生长。给药后第5天进行拍照,图像分析,定量计算血管新生面积明显低于对照组,且呈剂量依赖性,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。免疫组织化学检测表明不同剂量龙葵碱的微血管密度明显低于对照组,与血管新生面积相一致;ki‐67抗原表达指数逐渐下降,实验组低于对照组,且各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论龙葵碱能明显抑制人结肠癌HT‐29细胞株诱导的血管生成,从而抑制肿瘤的生长,为抗肿瘤血管生成的治疗方面提供了重要依据。  相似文献   
7.
8.
Since 2012, H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has produced negative economic and animal welfare impacts on poultry in central Mexico. In the present study, chickens were vaccinated with two different recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines (rFPV-H7/3002 with 2015 H7 hemagglutinin [HA] gene insert, and rFPV-H7/2155 with 2002 H7 HA gene insert), and were then challenged three weeks later with H7N3 HPAI virus (A/chicken/Jalisco/CPA-37905/2015). The rFPV-H7/3002 vaccine conferred 100% protection against mortality and morbidity, and significantly reduced virus shed titers from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In contrast, 100% of sham and rFPV-H7/2155 vaccinated birds shed virus at higher titers and died within 4?days. Pre- (15/20) and post- (20/20) challenge serum of birds vaccinated with rFPV-H7/3002 had antibodies detectable by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay using challenge virus antigen. However, only a few birds (3/20) in the rFPV-H7/2155 vaccinated group had antibodies that reacted against the challenge strain but all birds had antibodies that reacted against the homologous vaccine antigen (A/turkey/Virginia/SEP-66/2002) (20/20). One possible explanation for differences in vaccines efficacy is the antigenic drift between circulating viruses and vaccines. Molecular analysis demonstrated that the Mexican H7N3 strains have continued to rapidly evolve since 2012. In addition, we identified in silico three potential new N-glycosylation sites on the globular head of the H7 HA of A/chicken/Jalisco/CPA-37905/2015 challenge virus, which were absent in 2012 H7N3 outbreak virus. Our results suggested that mutations in the HA antigenic sites including increased glycosylation sites, accumulated in the new circulating Mexican H7 HPAIV strains, altered the recognition of neutralizing antibodies from the older vaccine strain rFPV-H7/2155. Therefore, the protective efficacy of novel rFPV-H7/3002 against recent outbreak Mexican H7N3 HPAIV confirms the importance of frequent updating of vaccines seed strains for long-term effective control of H7 HPAI virus.  相似文献   
9.
《Vaccine》2020,38(6):1526-1534
Despite decades of vaccination, surveillance, and biosecurity measures, H5N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus infections continue in Mexico and neighboring countries. One explanation for tenacity of H5N2 LPAI in Mexico is the antigenic divergence of circulating field viruses compared to licensed vaccines due to antigenic drift. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the H5N2 LPAI viruses circulating in Mexico and neighboring countries since 1994 have undergone antigenic drift away from vaccine seed strains. Here we evaluated the efficacy of a new recombinant fowlpox virus vector containing an updated H5 insert (rFPV-H5/2016), more relevant to the current strains circulating in Mexico. We tested the vaccine efficacy against a closely related subcluster 4 Mexican H5N2 LPAI (2010 H5/LP) virus and the historic H5N2 HPAI (1995 H5/HP) virus in White Leghorn chickens. The rFPV-H5/2016 vaccine provided hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers pre-challenge against viral antigens from both challenge viruses in almost 100% of the immunized birds, with no differences in number of birds seroconverting or HI titers among all tested doses (1.5, 2.0, and 3.1 log10 mean tissue culture infectious doses/bird). The vaccine conferred 100% clinical protection and a significant decrease in oral and cloacal virus shedding from 1995 H5/HP virus challenged birds when compared to the sham controls at all tested doses. Virus shedding titers from vaccinated 2010 H5/LP virus challenged birds significantly decreased compared to sham birds especially at earlier time points. Our results confirm the efficacy of the new rFPV-H5/2016 against antigenic drift of LPAI virus in Mexico and suggest that this vaccine would be a good candidate, likely as a primer in a prime-boost vaccination program.  相似文献   
10.
Objectives: The toxic and teratogenic effects of salen (C16H16N2O2) and salen vanadium oxide (VOS) (C16H14N2O3V) were evaluated against chicken embryos along with chicken hepatic and fibroblastic cells in vitro cultures. Methods: Salen and VOS complexes were injected in the following concentrations: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 300?μM/egg for salen and 7.5, 15, 75, 120, 150, 240, and 300?μM/egg for VOS. In order to screen for skeletal malformations, the alizarin red clearing and staining method was employed. For studying the cytotoxic effects of these compounds, hepatic and fibroblastic cells were cultured and treated. Results: Our results show that injecting salen with various concentrations leads to a significant increase in embryonic mortality. Skeletal and morphological malformations resulting from salen injections included ectopic viscera and club foot. Our results show that embryonic mortality increased relative to the control group. In addition, alizarin red staining showed skeletal malformations like deletion of caudal vertebrae. Discussion: Our comparison showed that salen was a stronger teratogen than VOS, which may be due roles of the vanadium element, whose derivatives show physiological particulars and at low concentrations plays anticancer specifications without toxic effect. Conclusion: Results show that chicken embryos were sensitive to the toxicity of salen and VOS, and these compounds can affect the growth and ossification of the chicken embryos. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of salen and VOS shows that the viability of both salen and VOS-treated cells significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号