膝骨关节炎中医药系统生物学研究述评＊

膝骨关节炎（Knee Osteoarthritis， KOA）属于临床难治性疾病，其高发病率、高致残性给国民健康、社会发展造成了沉重的负担。在这种不利局面下，中医药在KOA的临床防治上发挥了巨大的作用，其根据“辨证施治”理念的指导对患者采用个体化治疗往往能够取得良好的临床疗效 。然而中医学在传统认知上作为经验医学的集成，现有的KOA中医药基础研究结果尚未完全阐明其客观化、现代化的属性，阻碍了中医药防治KOA科学内涵的揭示以及全面、系统的临床研究的开展和新药研发，如何开展完善、合理、可行的基础研究以进行KOA中医药客观化和现代化探索成为研究者不得不解决的重大难题。随着系统生物学知识结构和研究手段的完善与更新，其与中医药的结合已经成为阐释并创新中医药理论内核、突破中医药研究瓶颈的重要方法。本文通过总结、分析目前KOA中医药基础研究的现状与不足，突出系统生物学在目前KOA中医药研究中的关键作用及应用趋势，以期为今后KOA的中医药研究和发展提供新的思路与对策。     

MicroARN: la biología molecular como herramienta de predicción en preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a disease with a significant incidence worldwide that is directly associated with 15% of maternal deaths. This is usually characterized by the presence of hypertension and proteinuria, which manifests itself from the middle of pregnancy. MicroRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules that act primarily by degrading transcribed messenger RNA or inhibiting microRNA translation. Placental microRNAs play a role in the growth and function of the placenta, their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers is considered feasible due to the ability to enter the maternal circulation and be detectable in maternal plasma.     

High-performance multiplex drug-gated CAR circuits

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Genetic modification of scAAV‐equine‐BMP‐2 transduced bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells before and after cryopreservation: An “off‐the‐shelf” option for fracture repair

Optimizing the environment of complex bone healing and improving treatment of catastrophic bone fractures and segmental bone defects remains an unmet clinical need both human and equine veterinary medical orthopaedics. The objective of this study was to determine whether scAAV‐equine‐BMP‐2 transduced cells would induce osteogenesis in equine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) in vitro, and if these cells could be cryopreserved in an effort to osteogenically prime them as an “off‐the‐shelf” gene therapeutic approach for fracture repair. Our study found that transgene expression is altered by cell expansion, as would be expected by a transduction resulting in episomal transgene expression, and that osteoinductive levels could still be achieved 5 days after recovery, and protein expression would continue up to 14 days after transduction. This is the first evidence that cryopreservation of genetically modified BMDMSCs would not alter the osteoinductive potential or clinical use of allogeneic donor cells in cases of equine fracture repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1310–1317, 2019.     

Overcoming the challenges of cancer drug resistance through bacterial-mediated therapy

Despite tremendous efforts to fight cancer, it remains a major public health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. With increased knowledge of cancer pathways and improved technological platforms, precision therapeutics that specifically target aberrant cancer pathways have improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, a primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy remains cancer drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the broad classes of resistance to cancer therapy, particularly pharmacokinetics, the tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, we describe how bacterial-mediated cancer therapy, a bygone mode of treatment, has been revitalized by synthetic biology and is uniquely suited to address the primary resistance mechanisms that confound traditional therapies. Through genetic engineering, we discuss how bacteria can be potent anticancer agents given their tumor targeting potential, anti-tumor activity, safety, and coordinated delivery of anti-cancer drugs.     

The impact of canister geometry on chemical biological radiological and nuclear filter performance: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Steady-state axisymmetric simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been carried out in order to optimize the performance of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) canister filter for its use in a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR). Alterations have been made to the shape of the canister, the spacing of the rear wall of the canister with regard to the carbon filter, and the bracketing between (i) the particulate filter and the carbon bed and (ii) the carbon bed and the canister wall. The pressure drops across the canister and the residence time distribution at the rear of the carbon bed have been analyzed in detail based on an extensive parametric analysis involving the aforementioned variations. It has been demonstrated that the non-uniform porosity profile of the carbon bed resulted in alternating regions of high and low velocity close to the canister wall, providing a possible route for breakthrough. Designs, which included a bracket at the rear of the carbon bed, blocked this route and consequently had a longer minimum mean residence time than those, which did not. It has also been shown that the spacing between the carbon bed and the canister rear wall had a large impact on both residence time and pressure drop. In cases where the carbon backed directly onto the canister rear wall flow in the axial direction from the outside wall toward the canister axis resulted in far greater pressure drop and a reduction in minimum mean residence time within the carbon bed.     

原料配比对胆南星成分及药效影响

目的考察原料配比对胆南星成分和药效作用的影响。方法采用UPLC⁃MS/MS法及负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行不同原料配比的胆南星中鹅去氧胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、猪胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺猪去氧胆酸、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸的含有量测定。胆南星甲醇溶液的分析采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm);流动相乙腈⁃0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.25 mL/min;柱温45℃。药效学采用大鼠酵母致热实验、小鼠气管段酚红法和小鼠氨水引咳实验考察不同原料配比对胆南星药效作用影响。结果不同原料配比的胆南星中胆汁酸含有量差异明显,胆汁占原料比大于1∶1时,胆南星的解热、祛痰、止咳作用有统计学差异(P<0.05),胆汁占配比为1∶2时解热、祛痰作用较差(P>0.05)。结论胆汁比例对胆南星的成分和药效作用有显著影响,胆汁占原料比不应低于1∶1。