Identifying early osteoclastic resorptive lesions in feline teeth: a model for understanding the origin of multiple idiopathic root resorption

Background and Objective:  Domestic cats commonly suffer from external osteoclastic tooth resorption, a disease with many similarities to human multiple idiopathic root resorption. In both diseases, it is unclear whether anatomical features of the tooth surface are associated with a predisposition for resorptive lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the origin and progression of early feline osteoclastic resorptive lesions in teeth exhibiting no clinical signs of disease.
Material and Methods:  The entire surfaces of 138 teeth from 13 adult cats were analysed using back-scattered electron microscopy. The distribution of lesions was assessed by tooth type, location and between individuals.
Results:  Seventy-three (53%) teeth showed at least one resorptive lesion. Eleven (85%) cats had lesions, and there was a significant association between increasing age and incidence of resorptive lesions. The highest frequency occurred in mandibular molars (82%). On average, there were 3.5 lesions per tooth. Fifty-two (38%) teeth featured resorptive lesions at the cemento–enamel junction. Twenty-three per cent of teeth with resorptive lesions showed evidence of repair of lesions that was limited to the root surface. There was no evidence of repair of resorptive lesions at the cemento–enamel junction.
Conclusion:  Resorption is prevalent without evidence of clinical disease, and occured at younger ages than previously reported. It can initiate anywhere on the root surface, but lack of repair of lesions at the cemento–enamel junction indicates that mechanisms of replacement are absent or compromised in this region. Whereas resorption of the root may undergo repair, resorption at the cervix may progress to clinically evident lesions.     

Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Humans and Cats in Same Household,Texas, USA, 2012

Mycobacterium bovis infection of cats is exceedingly rare in regions where bovine tuberculosis is not endemic. We describe the diagnosis and clinical management of pulmonary M. bovis infection in 2 indoor-housed cats and their association with at least 1 M. bovis–infected human in Texas, USA, in September 2012.     

Chronic renal disease in dogs and cats: anaesthesia considerations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common diagnosis in the small animal population. In the UK, 3.6% of cats may experience CKD and renal disorders were the most common cause of mortality in cats over 5 years of age. In dogs, the reported prevalence of CKD is 0.37%, with a median (95% Confidence Interval) survival time from diagnosis of 226 (112–326) days. This article will review the main concepts of renal physiology and discuss considerations when anaesthetising a dog or a cat with CKD.     

我国不同地区猫和犬饲养及猫栉首蚤感染调查

目的了解我国部分地区猫、犬的饲养及其猫栉首蚤感染情况,为猫栉首蚤及其相关传染病的预防控制提供依据。方法采用入户调查法,在北京市、青岛市和云南省部分农村及城乡结合部调查猫、犬的养殖情况;用体表蚤、游离蚤、蚤卵调查和回顾调查等方法,调查家猫、流浪猫和家犬的猫栉首蚤感染率;用蚤卵调查法研究北京地区猫栉首蚤的季节发生规律。结果 (1)北京市郊区,64.52%～83.87%的农户养犬,平均0.84～1.87只/户,其中69.2%～86.8%的犬为散养;2.94%～6.45%的农户养猫,为散养。青岛市平度农村40.43%的农户养犬,平均0.50只/户,>36.5%的犬为散养。(2)北京市郊区和青岛市农村的猫,猫栉首蚤感染率为100%;而犬的蚤感染率仅为3.85%～19.15%,为人蚤和猫栉首蚤。(3)在北京市郊区,冬季猫栉首蚤产卵量依然较大。结论在我国农村和城乡结合部,家犬的养殖量较大,家猫的饲养很少,猫主要以流浪猫形式存在。流浪猫的猫栉首蚤发生普遍,且全年发生;应加强流浪猫的管理,关注猫栉首蚤及其相关人兽共患传染病的预防控制。     

猫脑缺血后氢谱N-乙酰天冬氨酸在各脑区分布特点的研究

目的　通过磁共振氢谱 (1 Hmagneticresonancespectroscopy ,1 HMRS)检查 ,了解猫脑缺血后不同受累脑区N 乙酰天冬氨酸 (N acetylaspartate ,NAA)的动态变化。方法　在猫持续性局灶脑缺血模型基础上 ,以磁共振弥散加权成像 (diffusionweightedimaging,DWI)异常区作为1 HMRS检查体域的定位标准 ,在缺血前后不同时间进行 1 HMRS检查 ,动态观察缺血中心区、半暗带区及其对侧镜相区域NAA的变化特点。结果　脑缺血后NAA很快减少 ,在中心区 ,缺血后 6h减至对侧的 5 0 %左右 ,缺血后 12h减至对侧的 2 0 %左右 ,2d后完全消失 ;而在半暗带区 ,NAA减少速度较慢 ,缺血后 12h减至正常的 6 0 %左右 ,随后维持在正常的 5 0 %左右 ,差异无显著性意义。结论　在缺血中心区 ,缺血后 6h内 ,NAA的变化最为剧烈 ;而在半暗带区 ,以缺血后 12h内变化明显。因此 ,挽救缺血半暗带和缺血中心区应有不同的治疗时间窗     

Comparing immediate‐type food allergy in humans and companion animals—revealing unmet needs

Adverse food reactions occur in human as well as veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in both. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on immediate‐type food allergy vs other food adverse reactions in companion animals, and compare this to the human situation. While the prevalence of food allergy in humans has been well studied for some allergens, this remains to be investigated for animal patients, where owner‐reported as well as veterinarian‐diagnosed food adverse reactions are on the increase. The characteristics of the disease in humans vs dogs, cats, and horses are most often caused by similar, but sometimes species‐dependent different pathophysiological mechanisms, prompting the specific clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. Furthermore, little is known about the allergen molecules causative for type I food allergy in animals, which, like in human patients, could represent predictive biomarkers for risk evaluation. The definite diagnosis of food allergy relies—as in humans—on elimination diet and provocation tests. Besides allergen avoidance in daily practice, novel treatment options and tolerization strategies are underway. Taken together, numerous knowledge gaps were identified in veterinary food allergy, which need to be filled by systematic comparative studies.     

细胞间黏附分子与多形性腺瘤

目的：探讨细胞间黏附分子与涎腺多形性腺瘤复发及恶变间的关系.方法：收集近年来国内外相关文献,分析并总结细胞间黏附分子与多形性腺瘤复发及恶变间的可能关系.结果：E-cad、NCAM、β-cat在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达情况不是判断涎腺多形性腺瘤预后的有效指标;而CD44和MUC1的表达异常可能与涎腺多形性腺瘤的复发和恶变有关.目前国内外尚未找到一种可靠的预测多形性腺瘤复发与恶变的黏附分子,而且国内外学者对同一种黏附分子在多形性腺瘤复发与恶变中所起的作用意见并不一致,甚至互相矛盾.结论：研究黏附分子与细胞周期调控、细胞增殖与凋亡异常以及基因的改变等因素的关系,将有助于进一步揭示涎腺多形性肿瘤的复发与恶变机制.