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1.
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Progression to cancer typically occurs in a stepwise fashion through worsening dysplasia and ultimately, invasive neoplasia. Established EAC with deep involvement of the esophageal wall and/or metastatic disease is invariably associated with poor long-term survival rates. This guides the rationale of surveillance of Barrett’s in an attempt to treat lesions at an earlier, and potentially curative stage. The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in management of Barrett’s with rapid expansion in the role of endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for management of dysplastic and early neoplastic BE, and there have been substantial changes to international consensus guidelines for management of early BE based on evolving evidence. This review aims to assist the physician in the therapeutic decision-making process with patients by comprehensive review and summary of literature surrounding natural history of Barrett’s by histological stage, and the effectiveness of interventions in attenuating the risk posed by its natural history. Key findings were as follows. Non-dysplastic Barrett’s is associated with extremely low risk of progression, and interventions cannot be justified. The annual risk of cancer progression in low grade dysplasia is between 1%-3%; EET can be offered though evidence for its benefit remains confined to highly select settings. High-grade dysplasia progresses to cancer in 5%-10% per year; EET is similarly effective to and less morbid than surgery and should be routinely performed for this indication. Risk of nodal metastases in intramucosal cancer is 2%-4%, which is comparable to operative mortality rate, so EET is usually preferred. Submucosal cancer is associated with nodal metastases in 14%-41% hence surgery remains standard of care, except for select situations.  相似文献   
2.
Amiodarone is the most potent antiarrhythmic drug available and is commonly prescribed to treat and prevent not only life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias but also atrial fibrillation (AF). The latest European Society of Cardiology AF guidelines state that amiodarone is recommended for long-term rhythm control in all AF patients but that other antiarrhythmic drugs should be considered first whenever possible, due to its extracardiac toxicity. In patients without significant or with only minimal structural heart disease, amiodarone is not listed as a possibility in their therapeutic scheme. Still, amiodarone is widely and liberally used, and is the most prescribed antiarrhythmic drug for patients with AF despite its high toxicity profile. Non-cardiovascular death was more frequent with amiodarone treatment than with a rate control strategy in AFFIRM, while meta-analyses suggest an association between amiodarone use in patients without structural heart disease and increased non-cardiovascular mortality. Severe or even fatal outcomes due to amiodarone may occur years after treatment initiation and are often not acknowledged by the prescribing physician, who may no longer be following the patient. The lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria and symptom definitions may lead to underestimation of the incidence of severe side effects and of its toxicity. Unlike the underestimated risk of toxicity with amiodarone, severe complications associated with catheter ablation are usually directly ascribed to the treatment even by non-medical personnel, possibly resulting in overestimation of risks. This brief review will address the issue of amiodarone overuse and the frequent underestimation of its toxicity, while suggesting scenarios in which its use is entirely reasonable, and compare it with catheter ablation.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的复发率,为临床预防和干预提供理论依据。方法 计算机检索 PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、Embase、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM及VIP数据库,搜索建库至2022年3月26日与预激综合征伴心房颤动患者行射频消融术治疗后心房颤动复发率相关的研究。由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并文献质量评价,采用R 4.1.0软件进行meta分析。结果 纳入14篇研究,共计851例患者,meta分析结果显示预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的总复发率为0.13(95%CI:0.08~0.19,P<0.01)。其中,亚组分析显示:单纯房室旁道消融术和房室旁道消融联合肺静脉隔离术复发率分别为:0.15(95%CI:0.09~0.21,P<0.01)和0.07(95%CI:0.01~0.15,P<0.01);单旁道和多旁道复发率分别为0.19(95%CI:0.12~0.28,P=0.01)和0.05(95%CI:0.00~0.20,P=0.10);左侧和右侧旁道复发率分别为0.14(95%CI:0.07~0.21,P<0.01)和0.10(95%CI:0.06~0.16,P=0.07);年龄≤40岁和>40岁复发率分别为0.10(95%CI:0.01~0.23,P<0.01)和0.15(95%CI:0.09~0.21,P<0.01);随访时间≤1年和>1年复发率分别为0.08(95%CI:0.02~0.17,P=0.09)和0.17(95%CI:0.14~0.21,P=0.17);样本量≤50例和>50例复发率分别为0.18(95%CI:0.09~0.29,P<0.01)和0.11(95%CI:0.06~0.17,P<0.01);男性和女性复发率分别为0.10(95%CI:0.04~0.19,P<0.01)和0.19(95%CI:0.12~0.28,P=0.26);合并器质性心脏病和不合并复发率分别为0.34(95%CI:0.15~0.57,P<0.01)和0.04(95%CI:0.00~0.10,P<0.01)。结论 当前证据表明,预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的复发率较高,相对于单纯房室旁道消融,旁道消融联合肺静脉隔离降低复发率效果更优,年龄及随访时间与复发率呈正相关。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundCalcium chloride is commonly used in emergency departments in the treatment of a variety of emergencies. Historically, administration via central venous catheters has been preferred owing to its high osmolarity and vesicant properties. Although preferred, central access may not always be available in time-sensitive, emergent situations leading to many instances of peripheral administration. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the charted safety of peripheral venous administration of 10% calcium chloride.MethodsA single-center retrospective chart review was performed in patients who received 10% calcium chloride in the adult emergency department evaluating for the incidence of infusion-related adverse events. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 years of age or had a lack of catheter documentation during 10% calcium chloride administration or if the 10% calcium chloride was documented as given through a central venous catheter.ResultsA total of 72 administrations were evaluated. Patients were predominantly male (67%), with a median age of 55 years and body mass index of 29.2. The primary outcome demonstrated that 4 infusion-related adverse events occurred (6%) with grade 1 (n = 1) and grade 0 (n = 3) documented incidence of infusion-related adverse events. None of the documented incidence of infusion-related adverse events resulted in permanent tissue injury, and all patients had conservative management.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that administration of 10% calcium chloride via peripheral venous catheters may be feasible and seemed to carry a low incidence of documented complications. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm study observations.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨超声引导下微波消融术治疗甲状腺良性结节过程中对喉返神经及甲状旁腺的损伤保护措施及其解剖基础。 方法 选取2017年1月到2019年6月行1射频消融治疗的甲状腺疾病患者52例,观察术后结节大小、血流信号变化、甲状腺激素水平、并发症发生情况等。 结果 术后超声随访结节的体积较治疗前不同程度缩小(P<0.05)。 结论 加强隔离带技术可以有效保护喉返神经及甲状旁腺,降低损伤风险。  相似文献   
9.
PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare catheter angiography (CA) and colonoscopy outcomes after successful CT angiographic (CTA) localization for patients with overt lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).MethodsSeventy-one consecutive patients from two institutions between 2010 and 2020 had both contrast extravasation on CTA imaging in the lower gastrointestinal tract and subsequent CA or colonoscopy. The primary outcome was confirmation of active bleeding during CA or colonoscopy (defined as confirmation yield). The secondary outcomes were to determine therapeutic yield (hemostatic therapy), time to procedure, rebleeding rate, and adverse outcome rates (defined as surgery, acute kidney injury, initiation of dialysis, and overall mortality). Univariate analyses and multivariable analyses with P < .05 were used to determine statistical significance.ResultsForty-four patients underwent CA and 27 underwent colonoscopy. CA had higher overall confirmation yield (55% vs 26%, P = .026), whereas therapeutic yields were similar (70% vs 56%, P = .214). Time to procedure was 5.1 ± 3.4 hours for CA and 15.5 ± 13.6 hours for colonoscopy (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, shorter time to procedure was the only statistically significant predictor of confirmation yield (P = .037) and therapeutic yield (P = .013), whereas procedure, hemoglobin, transfusions, and hemodynamic instability were not. Adverse events and rebleeding were not statistically different between patients who underwent CA and colonoscopy (P > .05).ConclusionsShorter time to procedure was the only statistically significant predictor of confirmation and therapeutic yield after CTA localization of LGIB. Because CA can be performed sooner than colonoscopy without increased rates of adverse outcomes or rebleeding, CA may be a reasonable first-line treatment option in patients with CTA localization of LGIB.  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundWhereas the usefulness of radiofrequency (RF) energy as haemostatic method in liver surgery has become well established in the last decades, its intentional application on resection margins with the aim of reducing local recurrence is still debatable. Our goal was to compare the impact of an additional application of RF energy on the top of the resection surface, namely additional margin coagulation (AMC), on local recurrence (LR) when subjected to a subcentimeter margin.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 185 patients out of a whole cohort of 283 patients who underwent radical hepatic resection with subcentimetric margin. After propensity score adjustment, patients were classified into two balanced groups according to whether RF was applied or not.ResultsNo significant differences were observed within groups in baseline characteristics after PSM adjustment. The LR rate was significantly higher in the Control than AMC Group: 12 patients (14.5%) vs. 4 patients (4.8%) (p = 0.039). The estimated 1, 3, and 5-year LR-free survival rates of patients in the Control and AMC Group were: 93.5%, 86.0%, 81.0% and 98.8%, 97.2%, 91.9%, respectively (p = 0.049). Univariate Cox analyses indicated that the use of the RF applicator was significantly associated with lower LR (HR = 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.093–0.906, p = 0.033). The Control Group showed smaller coagulation widths than the AMC group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAn additional application of RF on the top of the resection surface is associated with less local hepatic recurrence than the use of conventional techniques.  相似文献   
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