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1.
根据中医药临床研究方法存在的问题,从系统复杂性研究视角,提出中医药临床研究相似诊疗环节识别的"案例推理"模式;同时在中医药临床诊疗过程中开展多维度、多信息源关联映射的"中医诊疗小数据"建模研究,探求不同疾病、不同诊疗体系下中医临床疗效评价指标体系的可能性新路径,为后续相关研究作出提示。  相似文献   
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中医医案作为专家经验的载体,对指导中医临床实践、提升中医学者临证水平具有重要意义,人工智能领域案例推理技术有望弥补现有中医医案研究情境化特征缺失的遗憾。但由于不同类型的中医医案研究要点不同,因此,本文通过分析中医医案的分类、特点及研究现状,并通过考察案例推理的理论内涵及在中医医案方向的应用现状,探讨案例推理对中医临床案例研究的启示。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨案例教学法应用在口腔美学修复临床实习教学中的效果。方法:选取39名在北京大学口腔医学院进行一阶段口腔修复临床实习的本科生,按实习编号分为两组;实验组(19名)采用案例教学法,选择以口腔美学修复为主的病例进行学习;对照组(20名)采用传统实习方法,并对两组学生进行临床考核和问卷调查。结果:实验组学生临床考核总分为41.87±3.92,显著高于对照组(38.30±4.62分)(,t=2.596,P=0.013);问卷调查显示,实验组满意度评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但学习负担两组无明显差异。结论:案例教学法应用于本科生口腔美学修复实习中,能够有效地训练学生口腔美学修复的临床思维,提高临床综合能力,辅助临床实习教学。  相似文献   
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BackgroundDrug shortages affect health systems worldwide. Research in community pharmacy has focused on the nature, extent and impact of these shortages on patients and pharmacists. However, pharmacists’ moral reasoning in situations of drug shortages has not been addressed.ObjectiveTo explore the moral reasoning perspectives of Dutch community pharmacists in situations of drug shortages.MethodAn electronic survey was developed around three drug shortage scenarios with a varying impact on patient outcomes: a Contraceptive, a Parkinson's and an Osteoporosis scenario. Pharmacists rated the likelihood of nine handling options and rated and ranked 13 considerations that may have played a role therein. The considerations represented three moral reasoning perspectives (MRPs): a business orientation (BO), a rules and regulations (RR), and a professional ethics (PE) MRP. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate construct validity of the MRPs. MRP rating and MRP ranking scores measured the relative importance of the different MRPs of pharmacists in the three shortages.ResultsResults from 267 Pharmacists were obtained. They reported mostly similar handling in the three shortages, except for the likelihood to make agreements with prescribers or other pharmacists and regarding the decision to import a product. The PCA analysis confirmed the three MRPs that accounted for 29% of variance in the data. Both the MRP rating and especially the MRP ranking scores indicated that PE-MRP considerations were most influential on pharmacists' intended handling of the shortages. In the Contraceptive and the Osteoporosis scenarios, the relative importance of a BO-MRP was higher than in the Parkinson's scenario.ConclusionPharmacists predominantly reason with a PE-MRP when handling drug shortages. However, this perspective can be compromised when the drug shortage is perceived to have a lower impact on patient outcomes and when alternative drugs or therapy are expensive.  相似文献   
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BackgroundThis investigation addresses the question of whether there exists a significant discrepancy in the cognitive abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who, despite the presence of age appropriate communication and language, have reading and spelling delays.AimsWe wanted to discover whether there was a relationship between the phonological and visual perceptual abilities of children with CP and their progress in reading and spelling.Methods and proceduresFifteen children with CP (aged between 6:9 years and 11:6 years) were assessed on reading and spelling; communication and language; non-verbal reasoning; phonological processing; and visual perception.Outcomes and resultsTen of the children had very weak reading and spelling skills. Five children had (mostly) age appropriate scores of reading and spelling. No differences were found between these two groups in non-verbal reasoning or communication and language. However, phonological abilities, visual sequential memory and perception of visuospatial relationships were found to be related to reading and spelling.Conclusions and implicationsThe findings suggest that children with CP are at risk for reading and spelling delays when they have poor phonological processing, visual sequential memory and perception of visuospatial relationships. The implications of the findings for classroom practice are discussed.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨案例式立体教学法在《急危重症护理学》教学中的应用效果。 方法于2018年3—5月,采用目的抽样法,选取2017级全日制高职护理专业(4个班)126名学生为研究对象。以班级为单位进行采用抓阄的方法分为观察组(2个班、n=64)、对照组(2个班、n=62)。对照组学生采取传统讲授法教学,观察组学生采用案例式立体教学法。教学结束后通过理论考试、操作考试和问卷调查方法进行教学效果评价。结果 两组学生理论、操作考核成绩得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),学生对案例式立体教学法的教学效果认可度、教学满意度较高。结论 案例式立体教学法有利于培养学生的急救思维能力和自主学习能力,促进学生动手能力和急救综合能力的培养。  相似文献   
9.
梁鑫  李莉 《药学教育》2020,(1):32-35
为了适应应用型药学本科人才的培养需求,针对药物分析学科的特点,构建新的药物分析教学模式。在教学中通过重组章节顺序并建立模块教学结构,提高教学的逻辑性;通过不同学科及章节的知识迁移,培养学生掌握有意义的学习方法,加深对药品标准的理解,拓展教学深度;通过案例教学,培养学生综合运用知识能力、自学能力与解决实际问题能力。  相似文献   
10.
Quality and Safety in Nursing Education identifies both teamwork and patient safety as key domains in which competencies are required. An example that makes these competencies necessary in day-to-day clinical safety is procedural sedation. Procedural sedation is a key area of risk in an acute-care facility. Safety in this area requires teamwork. The Joint Commission requires that risk management also examine the process of procedural sedation outside the operating room. This assures equity of care and oversight by the anesthesia department. Procedural sedation is not within the current National Council Licensure Examination blueprint (NCSBN, 2019). It is up to employers to validate the hired registered nurse has the skills, knowledge, and attitude to safely administer these high-risk medications. Working as a taskforce, five disciplines from ten areas that administered procedural sedation in our acute care facility created a three-component competency validation approach. The novel component was the development of a high-fidelity simulation validating the ability of the registered nurse to rescue a patient from loss of protective reflexes. The outcome of the simulation process included a clinical reasoning evaluation by the clinical educator. This article is a discussion of the development and clinical usefulness of this simulation tool as a competency adjunct.  相似文献   
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