PCI术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素分析研究

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素。方法:选择常州市三级甲等综合医院心内科接受PCI治疗的冠心病病人,收集资料,分析PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动动机、体力活动和自我效能现状;冠心病病人自我效能、体力活动动机与体力活动的相关性,并分析影响PCI术后病人体力活动水平的相关危险因素。结果:共发放调查问卷400份,回收400份,有效率为94.75%(379/400);379例冠心病病人术后每周体力活动为(3570.85±314.19)MET-min,以低、中强度为主;冠心病病人术后自我效能总分、体力活动动机总分与体力活动呈正相关(P<0.05);体质指数(BMI)、PCI次数≥2次、年龄、PCI支架数量≥3枚、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素(OR>1且P<0.05)。结论:PCI术后病人体力活动水平处于较低的水平,PCI次数、BMI、年龄、PCI支架数量、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素,临床需针对各高危因素制定相应的干预措施,提高病人体力活动水平。     

Evidence-informed vaccination decision-making in countries: Progress,challenges and opportunities

Countries face an increasingly complex vaccination landscape. As well as ever-changing infectious disease epidemiology, the number and diversity of vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccine products, and vaccine technologies continue to increase. To ensure that vaccination decision-making is transparent, country-owned and informed by sound scientific evidence, many countries have established national immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) to provide independent expert advice. The past decade has seen substantial growth in NITAG numbers and functionality, and there is now a need to consolidate this progress, by further capacity building, to ensure that NITAGs are responsive to the changing face of immunization over the next decade.     

Effects of the frequency of ostomy management reinforcement education on self-care knowledge,self-efficacy,and ability of stoma appliance change among Korean hospitalised ostomates

Patients who undergo stoma surgery experience difficulties in adapting physically and psychologically. The priority is to support them in learning self-care for successful rehabilitation and psychosocial adaption to a new life. In order to do this, it is important to provide ostomates with repetitive reinforcement education on self-care in a continuous and individual manner, not just to increase knowledge or perform related skills. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ostomy management reinforcement education (OMRE) in ostomates and to identify the optimal frequency of reinforcement education using an equivalent control group post-test design. Participants were 60 ostomates admitted to a university hospital after ostomy formation surgery, and they were randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups of this study. The OMRE was given to the control group (n = 20), experimental group 1 (n = 20), and experimental group 2 (n = 20) once, twice, and three times, respectively. Participants' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change were evaluated before and after the OMRE. Major results of this study were as follows: the self-care knowledge score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental two groups (P < 0.001). The self-efficacy score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (P < 0.001). The self-care knowledge score according to the frequency of OMRE did not differ among the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (F = 1.921, P = 0.156). The self-efficacy score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 8.616, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). The ability of stoma appliance change score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 49.546, P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). Results of this study suggested that the OMRE was effective for promoting hospitalised ostomates' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change, and two sessions of the OMRE was the most effective. Findings of this study may be useful in planning education programmes designed to improve self-care ability for hospitalised ostomates.     

肠造口患者及家属焦虑抑郁状况及对患者造口自护能力的影响

目的了解造口患者及家属围手术期及术后近期焦虑、抑郁的变化情况,探讨其可能的原因,以及焦虑抑郁对患者造口自我护理能力的影响。方法应用汉密顿焦虑及抑郁量表、造口适应量表和造口自我效能量表,对45组造口患者及家属围手术期(术前、术后3天)及术后1、3、6个月分别进行测量,对所得结果进行统计分析。结果造口患者及家属围手术期及术后近期焦虑与抑郁评分组内比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后6个月家属焦虑、抑郁与患者自我效能及造口适应水平呈正相关(均P0.01)。结论造口患者家属的负性情绪影响患者对造口的适应水平及焦虑抑郁水平,医护人员应在术前早期对患者及家属提供支持和帮助,使其较好地控制焦虑、抑郁,并在术后持续关注患者生理、心理需求,提高患者造口适应能力,恢复身心健康。     

精准型乳腺标本收集器的研制及应用

目的研制精准型乳腺标本收集器,提高乳腺麦默通微创旋切手术标本收集效果。方法将乳腺中心行乳腺麦默通微创旋切手术患者60例随机分为观察组与对照组各30例,观察组使用自制的精准型乳腺标本收集器收集术中乳腺肿物标本,对照组使用普通弯盘收集乳腺肿物标本,观察并统计两组手术时间、标本核对次数、术后标本处理时间及标本点位对应位置错误率。结果观察组手术时间、标本核对次数及术后标本处理时间显著低于对照组(均P 0. 05);术后标本点位对应位置错误率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。结论精准型标本收集器能精准收集乳腺标本组织,减少术后标本处理时间及标本点位对应放置的错误率,帮助术者便利、安全地处理手术标本,提高工作效率,降低安全隐患。