Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn?

Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.     

低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病并呼吸衰竭的临床价值研究

目的探讨肺源性心脏病(肺心病)并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗的临床应用价值。方法72例肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者,应用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组患者采取常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组上采用低分子肝素钙治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后动脉血气指标[氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及酸碱度(pH)值]及治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组患者的PaO2、PaCO2、pH值水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的PaO2(9.36±1.02)kPa明显高于对照组的(7.78±0.98)kPa,PaCO2(6.33±0.97)kPa明显低于对照组的(7.65±1.28)kPa,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者pH值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者总有效率为97.22%,显著高于对照组的83.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗,可有效改善患者的血气指标,提高治疗效果,具有较高的临床价值。     

补肾壮骨方对去卵巢大鼠骨结构和骨代谢作用的研究

目的研究补肾壮骨方对骨质疏松大鼠骨结构和骨代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法用SD雌性大鼠复制去卵巢骨质疏松模型,然后分别灌服补肾壮骨方水提液高剂量(1.4 g/kg)和低剂量(0.7 g/kg)12周。用生化法测定血清钙(S-Ca)、血清磷(S-P)、尿钙(U-Ca/Cr),尿磷(U-P/Cr)以及血清中高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)的含量;Elisa法测定I型胶原氨基端前肽(procollagen I N-terminal propeptide,PINP)、I型胶原羧基端肽(collagen I carboxyl terminal peptide,CTX-I)、尿脱氧吡啶啉(deoxypyridine,DPD)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)的含量;用放免法测定血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)的活性;用双能X线(DEXA)法、Viva CT和万能试验机测定骨密度、骨微结构和骨生物力学特性;用Western blot法测定骨组织蛋白酶(cathepsin)K表达。结果补肾壮骨方水提液能升高血清中的钙、磷、HDL-C和PINP的含量,降低血清中TC、TG、LDL、ALP、OCN和CTX-I及尿液中的钙、磷、DPD的含量。同时,补肾壮骨方水提液可以升高去卵巢大鼠股骨的骨密度,改善骨微结构,增加骨强度,降低胫骨Cathepsin K的表达水平。结论补肾壮骨方水提液能够抑制去卵巢大鼠的骨量丢失和骨强度下降,改善去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢,其作用机制可能与抑制Cathepsin K的表达有关。     

Optimization of infusional calcium gluconate for prevention of hypocalcemic reactions during therapeutic plasma exchange

We sought to optimize direct intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate (CaGlu) for maintaining plasma ionized calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]) and preventing hypocalcemic reactions during 34 consecutive 1-volume therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPEs) in eight patients. CaGlu, 2 g in 50 mL of 0.9% NaCl, was prepared by our hospital pharmacy and infused at either 1.0 or 1.6 g/h during alternate TPE. Plasma [Ca²⁺] was monitored at intervals of 20 to 30 minutes. At 1 g/h of CaGlu, plasma [Ca²⁺] fell by 8.35% after 40 to 50 minutes and then plateaued. At 1.6 g/h of CaGlu, plasma [Ca²⁺] fell by 6% after 20 to 30 minutes and then plateaued. The difference at 40 to 50 minutes was significant (P = .015). Hypocalcemic reactions were noted in three patients during 5 of 17 TPE at 1.0 g/h (all after 40 to 60 minutes) but 0 of 17 TPE at 1.6 g/h (P = .044). CaGlu at 1.6 g/h stabilized plasma [Ca²⁺] and appears to prevent hypocalcemic reactions during TPE.