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1.
痛情绪是指因疼痛引发的情绪和情感体验,是疾病过程中最常见的一种情绪。痛情绪相关神经机制非常复杂,但主要与单胺类神经递质、神经肽和某些神经环路有关,笔者将结合目前研究现状分别从以上两方面展开,就痛情绪相关单胺类神经递质和神经肽在受体分类、脑区通路、共疾病以及各神经递质之间的联系和痛情绪相关神经环路中各个蛋白的作用机制等方面进行探讨。  相似文献   
2.
射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度试验是医用电气设备的一项重要检验项目,基于YY 0505-2012对GB/T 17626.6中条款进行的修改和补充,本文旨在研究传导抗扰度试验中监护类医疗器械患者耦合电缆单根试验布置和成束试验布置的差异,为患者耦合电缆传导抗扰度试验探究可靠的试验布置方法。文中对传导骚扰抗扰度试验的标准和原理作了概述,分别对监护类医疗器械患者耦合电缆的单根试验布置和成束试验布置进行传导抗扰度测试,文中所选受试设备在两种测试布置状态下均出现不能通过测试的结果,测试现象存在差异。通过对两种试验布置结果进行分析和总结,综合考虑临床使用的风险性和试验结论的可靠性,本文建议监护类医疗器械的患者耦合电缆在传导抗扰度试验时两种试验布置均要进行测试,以确保患者耦合电缆在最不利的状态下试验。本文通过试验数据的分析和总结,为患者耦合电缆的传导抗扰度试验布置方法提供了规范性参考。  相似文献   
3.
A new extracorporeal circuit for hemodialysis was designed with the goal of improving the middle and high molecular weight toxins removal. A recirculation pathway was added to the hemodialysis circuit and relevant pressure regulation was performed along the circuit in order to keep the ultrafiltration rate as zero. The influence of increasing the recirculation to dialysate flow rate ratio on the removal of urea, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin was investigated. This removal was also modeled by an analytical method and solved by MATLAB software. A significant increase in removal of vitamin B12 (34%) and especially hemoglobin (228%) was achieved using the recirculation flow in an adjusted hemodialysis circuit. The model showed an acceptable agreement with the experimental results which shows its applicability for prediction of different toxin removal in this circuit.  相似文献   
4.
The developing nervous system generates remarkably precise synaptic connections between neurons and their postsynaptic target cells. Numerous neural cell adhesion proteins have been identified to mediate cell recognition between synaptic partners in several model organisms. Here, I review the role of protein interactions of cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly and address how these interactions are utilized to form different neural circuitries in different species. The emerging evidence suggests that the extracellular trans-interactions of cell adhesion proteins for neural wiring are evolutionarily conserved across taxa, but they are often used in different steps of circuit assembly. I also highlight how these conserved protein interactions work together as a group to specify neural connectivity.  相似文献   
5.
PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.  相似文献   
6.
In the paper, the thermal compensation loops on a composite, superconducting NbTi cable were investigated. This type of cable is used in the superconducting, fast ramping magnets of the SIS100 synchrotron, part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The influence of space restrictions and electromagnetic cross-talk on the design of the thermal compensation loop was discussed. Plastic deformation of cable components during bending was analyzed by numerical simulations and experiments. A three-dimensional numerical model of the cable was prepared with individual superconducting wires in contact with a central cooling pipe. The bending of a straight cable into a compensation loop shape was simulated, followed by cyclic operation of the cable during thermal cycles. The maximum strains in the superconducting strands and cooling tube were analyzed and discussed.  相似文献   
7.
Al-Zn-In alloys having 4.2% zinc content and various indium content in the range of 0.02–0.2% were tested with respect to the most important electrochemical properties of sacrificial anodes in a cathodic protection, i.e., the current capacity and potential of the operating anode. The distribution of In and Zn in the tested alloys was mapped by means of the EDX technique, which demonstrated that these elements dissolve well in the alloy matrix and are evenly distributed within it. The current capacity of such alloys was determined by means of the method of determining the mass loss during the dissolution by a current of known charge. The results obtained demonstrate that the current capacity of Al-Zn-In alloy decreases with the increase in the In content, which results in an increased consumption of anode material and shorter lifetime of anodes. With 0.02% In content, the capacity amounted to approx. 2500 Ah/kg, whereas the alloy with 0.2% In had as much as 30% lower capacity amounting to approx. 1750 Ah/kg. Microscopic examination for the morphology and surface profile of the samples after their exposure demonstrated that a higher indium content in the alloy results in a more uneven general corrosion pattern during the dissolution of such alloy, and the cavities (pits) appearing on the alloy surface are larger and deeper. As the indium content is increased from 0.02% to 0.05%, the Al-Zn-In alloy potential decreases by about 50 mV to −1100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl electrode, which is advantageous in terms of using this alloy as a sacrificial anode. When the indium content is further increased from 0.05% to 0.2%, the potential of the alloy is no longer changed to a more negative one. The results obtained from all these tests demonstrate that alloys containing up to 0.05% of In additive are practically applicable for cathodic protection.  相似文献   
8.
目的探讨影响无抗凝连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)体外循环装置使用时间的主要影响因素,为合理的无抗凝CRRT护理风险评估提供依据。方法对2015年7月至2018年7月首次行无抗凝CRRT合并高危出血风险的257例急慢性肾衰竭患者进行回顾性分析。结果无抗凝CRRT治疗中体外循环装置发生衰竭125例(48.64%),CRRT体外循环装置使用时间为(248.51±87.56)min。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,4个独立影响因素与体外循环装置使用时间显著相关,分别为:治疗中血流量不畅停泵次数(HR=1.572,95%CI=1.373~1.801),静脉壶栓塞容积比(HR=1.022,95%CI=1.014~1.030),红细胞压积(HR=1.037,95%CI=1.007~1.068),CRRT治疗剂量(HR=1.336,95%CI=1.007~1.772)。结论治疗中血流量不畅停泵次数、高静脉壶栓塞容积比、高红细胞压积、高CRRT剂量是影响无抗凝CRRT体外循环装置使用时间的独立危险因素;治疗中施行周期性生理盐水冲洗并不能有效延长体外循环装置的使用时间。临床工作者应针对相关危险因素有针对性地制定干预措施,进而最大限度地降低体外循环装置衰竭的发生率,延长装置使用时间,保障医疗护理安全。  相似文献   
9.
10.
Most cells for regenerative medicine are currently cultured manually. In order to promote the widespread use of regenerative medicine, it will be necessary to develop automated culture techniques so that cells can be produced in greater quantities at lower cost and with more stable quality. In the field of regenerative medicine technology, cell sheet therapy is an effective tissue engineering technique whereby cells can be grafted by attaching them to a target site. We have developed automated cell culture equipment to promote the use of this cell sheet regenerative treatment. This equipment features a fully closed culture vessel and circuit system that avoids contamination with bacteria and the like from the external environment, and it was designed to allow 10 cell sheets to be simultaneously cultured in parallel. We used this equipment to fabricate 50 sheets of human oral mucosal epithelial cells in five automated culture tests in this trial. By analyzing these sheets, we confirmed that 49 of the 50 sheets satisfied the quality standards of clinical research. To compare the characteristics of automatically fabricated cell sheets with those of manually fabricated cell sheets, we performed histological analyses using immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed that cell sheets fabricated with the automated cell culture are differentiated in the same way as cultures fabricated manually.  相似文献   
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