盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜对老年重症肺炎疗效的Meta分析

目的比较正常剂量盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜在治疗老年重症肺炎中的临床疗效。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献服务系统,搜索国内外公开发表的有关盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗老年重症肺炎的相关文章,检索时限从建库起到2019年5月。分别由两名作者根据文献纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选以及数据提取,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果经筛选后共有27篇文献最终被纳入分析。Meta分析结果表明,大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗能减少患者ICU住院时间(MD=-1.84,95%CI:-2.21～-1.48)、呼吸机使用时间(MD=-3.93,95%CI:-4.17～-3.69)、治疗期间死亡率(O^R=0.42,95%CI:0.33～0.53)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分(MD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.05～-0.29)、多器官功能衰竭(MOF)发生率(O^R=0.41,95%CI:0.32～0.53)、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度(MD=-10.35,95%CI:-11.29～-9.41)以及血清降钙素原(PCT)浓度(MD=-0.37,95%CI:-0.40～-0.33),增加患者动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)(MD=4.85,95%CI:3.83～5.86)、经皮动脉血氧饱和度(SpO_2)(MD=6.47,95%CI:5.65～7.29)和氧合指数(OI)(PaO_2/FiO_2)(MD=31.88,95%CI:29.21～34.54)。结论大剂量使用盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗老年重症肺炎是安全可行的,且与常规治疗方法相比,在所测指标中均具有一定的优势,有望成为治疗老年重症肺炎的优先选择。     

支气管镜在早期识别重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的价值

目的:探讨支气管镜在早期识别重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年5月~2018年5月在本院就诊的75例肺炎支原体肺炎患者的病例资料,按照患者的患病程度分为普通组和重症组。两组患者均行支气管镜检查,比较两组患者支气管镜下的表现。结果:75例患者均出现发热伴咳嗽,病变部位黏膜可见不同程度充血、水肿并有粘液性分泌物,两组患者比较,气管黏膜纵行皱襞出现率(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;粘液或痰栓堵塞、炎性肿胀致狭窄、黏膜表面结节样凸起、黏膜糜烂出现率(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者早期支气管镜检查发现,具有更高的粘液或痰栓堵塞、炎性肿胀致狭窄、黏膜表面结节样凸起、黏膜糜烂出现率,这些临床表现可作为不典型症状为重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者的早期诊断提供依据。     

经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响

目的探讨纤支镜气道注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响。方法选择2018年1月—2019年1月在湖北省潜江市中心医院治疗的支气管内膜结核患者66例,分为对照组和研究组各33例。对照组给予药物雾化吸入疗法,研究组经过纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗。比较两组治疗效果和症状缓解的影响。结果研究组总有效率为90.91%,对照组总有效率为84.85%,研究组的治疗效果均高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组并发症发生率为39.39%,研究组并发症发生率18.18%,研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗支气管内膜结核患者并发症的发生率较小。     

纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗变应性支气管肺曲霉病患者的效果

目的:观察纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗变应性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)患者的效果。方法:选取94例ABPA患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采取常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗。比较两组临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为89.36%(42/47),明显高于对照组的72.34%(34/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:纤维支气管镜灌洗联合常规药物治疗ABPA患者的效果优于单纯常规药物治疗,且安全性好。     

Challenges in managing difficult‐to‐treat asthma in children: Stop,look, and listen

It is recognized that asthma places a significant economic burden on the United States, with a total cost of $81.9 billion total costs including costs incurred by absenteeism and mortality. Severe asthma places a large burden of morbidity on children and their caregivers, including severe exacerbations, medication side effects, increased missed school days leading to impaired school performance, and lower caregiver quality of life. Therefore, we need to take a careful look at how we can make asthma care more efficient and cost effective, especially for those children with severe asthma. The 2019 American Thoracic Society symposium reported in this theme issue presented four aspects of managing severe asthma in children that merit attention including patient variables that affect severe asthma, understanding patient behaviors around medications, the appropriate use of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management of severe asthma, and also the rational use of biologic therapy. This editorial will summarize key points in each of these reviews and prompt a more careful reading of each contribution.     

Comparison of ultrathin bronchoscopy with conventional bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions without virtual bronchial navigation

BackgroundFor the precise management of advanced lung cancers, bronchoscopy with a high diagnostic yield and abundant tumor specimens are required. In recent years, new devices and techniques have been rapidly developed, including the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) using a guide sheath, virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN), and ultra-thin bronchoscope (UTB), for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). These techniques increase the diagnostic yield for PPL, thus requiring fewer biopsy specimens.VBN is generally not available at the city hospitals in Japan. In this study, using fluoroscopy without VBN, we studied whether the histologic diagnostic yield of radial EBUS for PPLs would be higher using a UTB (without guide sheath) or conventional bronchoscope (CB) (with guide sheath).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy at the Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital from April 2017 to March 2019. We analyzed 168 patients—102 using UTB and 66 using CB.ResultsThe diagnostic yields for PPL were significantly higher in the UTB group than in the CB group (74.5% vs. 59.1%; P = 0.04). The median examination time was significantly longer in the UTB group than in the CB group (24 vs. 20 min; P = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the complication rate between the UTB and CB groups (3.9% vs. 3.0%; P = 0.69).ConclusionsUTB had a significantly higher tissue diagnostic yield than CB, without the use of VBN.