无创胚胎染色体筛查在染色体非整倍体检测中的应用效果

目的 探讨无创胚胎染色体筛查技术（NICS）在染色体非整倍体检测中的应用效果。方法 收集2017年5月至2019年5月在安徽省妇幼保健院生殖中心拟行体外受精-胚胎移植的364例患者的囊胚培养液,并行NICS筛查。对单囊胚移植且临床确认妊娠的46例患者,根据其妊娠结局不同行不同染色体检查方法：对12例流产的患者行流产组织染色体检查,并以该检查结果<为金标准,计算NICS的灵敏度和特异度;对继续妊娠的34例患者行外周血无创产前遗传学筛查（NIPS）,比较NICS结果与NIPS筛查结果的差异。结果 12例流产的患者样本中,流产组织染色体检查与NICS检查为染色体非整倍体者均为3例,NICS筛查的灵敏度为100%;在流产组织染色体检查为整倍体的9例样本中,对应的NICS检出2例为非整倍体,其特异度为77.78%,两种筛查方法的一致性分析Kappa值为0.64。继续妊娠的34例患者样本中,NIPS筛查均未检出13、18、21号染色体为非整倍体胚胎,NICS对这3条染色体的筛查结果与NIPS一致。结论 NICS筛查染色体非整倍体有较好的灵敏度,但假阳性率偏高,需进一步技术优化以提高特异性。     

Establishment of Germ-line Competent C57BL/6J Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Objective To establish C57BL/6J embryonic stem （ES） cell lines with potential germ- line contribution Methods ES cells were isolated from blastocyst inner cell mass of C5 7BL/6J mice, and cultured for 15 passages, and then injected into blastococels of ICR mice blastocysts to establish chimeric mice. Results Three ES cell lines （mC57ES1,mC57ES3, mC57ES7） derived from the inner cell mass of C57BL/6J mice blastocysts were established. They were characteristic of undifferentiated state, including normal XY karyotype, expression of a specific cell surface marker “stage-specific embryonic antigen-I” and alkaline phosphatase in continuous passage. When injected into immunodeficient mice, mC57ES1 cells consistently differentiated into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. When mC57ES1 cells were transferred into ICR mice blastocysts, 4 chimeric mice have been obtained. One male of them revealed successful germ-line transmission. Conclussion We have obtained C57BL/6J ES cell lines with a potential germ-line contribution, which can be used to generate transgenic and gene knock-out mice.     

Cryoloop vitrification yields superior survival of Rhesus monkey blastocysts

BACKGROUND: Vitrification using the cryoloop procedure was evaluated for preservation of non-human primate blastocysts by comparing survival results from two different cryoprotectant mixtures with prior results from controlled rate cooling. METHODS: Rhesus monkey blastocysts were produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of mature oocytes from cycling females stimulated with recombinant human hormones. Morphologically well-formed blastocysts were divided between Procedure A (2.8 mol/l dimethylsulphoxide and 3.6 mol/l ethylene glycol with 0.65 mol/l sucrose and 25 micromol/l Ficoll in TALP-HEPES with 20% fetal bovine serum (TH20)) and Procedure B (3.4 mol/l glycerol and 4.5 mol/l ethylene glycol in TH20). After >48 h in liquid nitrogen, the removal of cryoprotectants was accomplished in the presence of a 3-step series of decreasing sucrose concentrations in TH20. Surviving embryos were co-cultured on buffalo rat liver cells. RESULTS: Of 16 blastocysts vitrified via Procedure A, 38% survived with minimal lysis and only one hatched in culture; in contrast, of 33 blastocysts vitrified by Procedure B, 85% survived and 71% hatched. Of 22 blastocysts cryopreserved by conventional slow cooling, 36% survived and 6% hatched. Transfer into three recipients, each with two embryos vitrified with Procedure B, resulted in a successful twin-term pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Modified cryoloop vitrification with a final solution of 3.4 mol/l glycerol and 4.5 mol/l ethylene glycol is a promising procedure for preserving Rhesus monkey blastocysts that is simple, rapid, and inexpensive.     

囊胚期冷冻胚胎移植的临床应用探讨

目的探讨囊胚期冷冻胚胎移植的临床应用价值.方法对2002年10月～2003年12月在湘雅医院生殖医学中心接受囊胚培养并行囊胚期冷冻胚胎移植的病例进行分析,了解囊胚期与卵裂期冷冻胚胎解冻后的胚胎成活率、植入率及妊娠率.结果冷冻囊胚解冻后胚胎数、胚胎成活率、植入率和妊娠率与卵裂期冷冻胚胎无显著差别(P＞0.05),囊胚解冻后经15 h过夜培养,42枚中有22枚成活,其中8枚Ⅰ,Ⅱ级继续发育或囊胚腔扩张,3例获得妊娠,妊娠率为37.5%.结论囊胚期冷冻胚胎移植同样能达到卵裂期冷冻胚胎移植的临床效果,同时增加解冻与移植间隔时间可更好地选择冻融囊胚移植,对提高妊娠率可能有一定意义.     

Fertilization and early embrology: Vero cell effect on in-vitro human blastocyst development: preliminary results

Asynchrony between embryo and uterine environment is one ofthe major limits in human in-vitro fertilization (TVF). A culturesystem which could prolong culture time and increase embryoniccleavage rate and viability would improve success rates. UsingVero cells, an in-vitro co-culture system was developed to investigateand promote human embryo development. Vero cells provide goodsupport for human early embryos up to the blastocyst stage.When fertilized embryos were co-cultured, 68% of them reachedthe blastocyst stage. Pregnancy rate was 50% per transfer inpatients with several previous failures of implantation. A significantincrease in clinical pregnancy rate was also demonstrated whenzygotes were maintained on Vero cell monolayer for only 24 h.The beneficial effect of the feeder layer may be through therelease of embryotrophic factors and the detoxification of theculture medium by the cells. Co-culture is a new concept inassisted reproduction.     

非休眠期成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞用于核移植构建重组胚

目的研究非休眠期成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞作为供体,以体外成熟去核兔卵母细胞作为受体进行核移植构建重组胚胎的可行性及囊胚形成率. 方法首先利用新西兰兔骨髓和脂肪为来源分别培养骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞,然后用他们作为核供体,采用卵细胞胞质内直接注射法构建重组胚胎,7 d后比较囊胚形成率. 结果核移植操作后卵细胞存活率达80.0%,骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞作为供体重组胚胎囊胚形成率分别为88/522 (16.9%)和73/464 (15.7%), (P>0.05, Yates corrected). 结论处于非休眠期的成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞移植到去核卵母细胞后能够进行早期胚胎发育,两者囊胚形成率无明显差别.     

Pregnancies following the frozen storage of expanding human blastocysts

Human blastocysts were frozen in Earle's solution containing pyruvate and human serum, using glycerol as cryoprotectant, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Thawed blastocysts were replaced in 11 patients, which resulted in two pregnancies. One blastocyst giving a pregnancy was hatching when replaced. Three parameters appeared to be important for embryo survival and implantation: the interval between ovulation and replacement of the thawed blastocysts, satisfactory embryonic development before freezing, and the stage of blastulation when cooling began.     

Enhanced Hatching Rate of Bovine IVM/IVF/IVC Blastocysts Using a 1.48-μm Diode Laser Beam

Purpose: Our purpose was to test whether zona pellucida (ZP) drilling using a 1.48-m diode laser beam on bovine IVM/IVF/IVC blastocysts is effective for embryo hatching. Methods: Blastocysts produced in vitro at day 7 after IVF were divided into control and laser-drilled groups, respectively. Results: When the rates of in vitro development of bovine embryos were examined, the average cleavage rate (>two-cell) was 82.3% and the blastocyst rate at day 7 after IVF was 32.5%. Using these blastocysts, when the laser drilling effect was investigated at 48 hr after treatment, the total hatching rate in the laser-drilled group (98.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (60.0%)(P < 0.001). Especially, the hatched rate of the laser-drilled group (68.0%) was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control group (30.0%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results demonstrated that laser ZP drilling on bovine IVM/IVF/IVC blastocysts can significantly increase the hatching rate.