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目的观察芦荟素对去卵巢大鼠骨量的影响,并探讨可能的机制。方法将30只雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham)、去卵巢组(OVX)及去卵巢大鼠+芦荟素治疗组(LHS,去卵巢大鼠每天接受50 mg/kg芦荟素治疗,持续12周)。12周后取双侧股骨进行微型计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)检测股骨干骺端微观结果,通过组织病理切片观察骨小梁结果变化,通过骨生物力学检测骨强度改变以及运用蛋白质印迹(WB)检测可能的机制。结果OVX组大鼠的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨显微结构、最大载荷和弹性模量等指标均明显低于Sham组(P<0.05)。芦荟素治疗后大鼠的骨密度、骨显微结构、最大载荷和弹性模量等指标均有明显改善,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WB检测显示OVX组p-Erk1/2、Erk1/2、ALP、RUNX 2、OCN和OPN表达水平较Sham组明显下调(P<0.05)。LHS组p-Erk1/2、Erk1/2、ALP、RUNX 2、OCN和OPN表达水平较OVX组明显上调。结论芦荟素可以显著改善去卵巢大鼠股骨骨强度和骨量,这种疗效可能通过激活ERK1/2-Runx 2信号通路促进成骨来实现的。  相似文献   
3.
ObjectivesSelective caries removal (SCR) is recommended over non-selective removal for managing deep carious lesions to avoid pulp exposure and maintain pulp vitality. During SCR, residual carious dentin is left behind and sealed beneath the restoration. The biomechanical effects of such residual lesions on the restored tooth remain unclear and were assessed using finite element modeling (FEM).MethodsBased on μ-CT images of a healthy permanent human third molar, we developed five finite element models. Generic class I and II cavity restorations were modeled where residual lesions of variable sizes were either left or fully removed on occlusal and proximal surfaces. The cavities were restored with adhesive composite. All 3D-FE models were compared with a model of a healthy, non-treated molar. A vertical load of 100 N was applied onto the occlusal surface.ResultsRegardless of the lesion size, in molars with occlusal lesions higher mean stresses were predicted along the filling-lesion interface than in all other models. The smallest occlusal lesion (Ø1 = 1 mm) resulted in the highest maximum stresses at the filling-lesion interface with large stress concentrations at the filling walls indicating failure risk. In conclusion, lesion site and extent are influencing parameters affecting the filling-lesion interactions and thus the biomechanical behavior of the tooth after SCR.SignificanceRetaining carious lesions around the pulpal floor affects the deformation and stress states in tooth-filling complexes. The higher stresses observed in molars with occlusal lesions may affect restoration stability and longevity. Suprisingly, more extended occlusal lesions may provide a more favorable tooth performance than less extended ones. In contrast, in molars with proximal lesions the residual lesion had only limited effect on the tooth’s biomechanical condition.  相似文献   
4.
Donor site morbidity following radial forearm flap (RFF) harvest remains a controversial issue. The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the question “Are the range of wrist movements (range of motion, ROM) and hand strength affected after RFF harvesting?” The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched (to December 2019). Self-controlled studies evaluating hand biomechanics after RFF harvest were included. Weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random-effects model. The outcome variables were ROM, forearm movements, grip, and pinch strengths. Thirteen studies involving a total of 335 patients were included. With the exception of grip strength and supination, which showed statistically significant reductions of about 2.40 kg and 2.86° (P < 0.05), all other ROM, forearm movements, and pinch strengths showed an insignificant difference when the operated hand was compared to the non-operated hand (P > 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the method of donor site closure and size of the donor site defect had an insignificant impact on hand biomechanics. This study confirms the lack of discernible biomechanical morbidity after RFF transfer. The minimal reduction in hand biomechanics after RFF is considered to be clinically negligible.  相似文献   
5.
ObjectivesTo assess a relationship between lower limb muscle activity and the frontal plane knee kinematics during a single-legged drop jump.DesignCorrelation study;SettingFunctional Anatomy Laboratory.Participants35 healthy collegiate male athletes.Main outcome measuresMuscle activity (%MVIC) of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus medialis quadriceps, vastus lateralis quadriceps, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius; peak knee frontal plane projection angle; and Pearson's correlation coefficients between muscle activity and peak knee frontal plane projection angle. All outcomes were assessed for both dominant and non-dominant limbs.ResultsSignificant correlations (r = 0.46–0.60, P < 0.05) were found between the muscle activities of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, when compared to the knee frontal plane projection angle.ConclusionGluteal muscles and hamstring muscles are associated with the peak knee frontal plane projection angle during a single-legged drop jump test. Thus, gluteal and hamstring muscle activities should be considered when developing rehabilitation or injury prevention programs.  相似文献   
6.
目的:探讨长期配戴角膜塑形镜对角膜形态、角膜生物力学以及客观视觉质量的影响。方法:回顾性研究。收集2019-10/2020-12在我院配戴角膜塑形镜2a的近视患者33例60眼,其中男19例35眼,女14例25眼,平均年龄11.80±1.51岁,平均等效球镜为-3.25±0.69D。收集患者配戴前和配戴2a时的相关数据资料。利用Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统测量角膜最薄点中心3mm区域前后表面曲率半径(ARC和PRC)、角膜最薄点厚度(THP)、角膜扩张综合偏差分析指数(BADD)。Corvis ST生物力学分析仪测量非接触生物力学校正眼压(bIOP)、最大形变幅度(DA)、最大反向半径(HCR)、顶点和1mm间形变幅度比值(DR)、硬度参数(SPA1)、角膜生物力学参数(CBI)。运用Pentacam与Corvis ST联合诊断系统分析得出断层扫描生物力学指数(TBI)。OQAS-Ⅱ客观视觉质量分析系统测量调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特烈尔比(SR)、客观散射系数(OSI)以及OV值(OV100%、OV20%和OV9%)。对患者配戴角膜塑形镜前和连续配戴角膜塑形镜2a的上述各项参数进行比较。结果:配戴角膜塑形镜2a与配戴前相比ARC增高、THP降低、BADD增高,比较有差异(t=-9.38、2.85、-13.08,均P<0.05),PRC与配戴前相比无差异(t=-1.49,P>0.05);配戴角膜塑形镜2a与配戴前相比DA增高、HCR降低,比较有差异(t=-2.37、2.28,均P<0.05),bIOP、DR、SPA1、CBI、TBI分别与配戴前相比无差异(t=1.36、-1.87、1.27、-0.95、-1.49,均P>0.05);配戴角膜塑形镜2a SR较配戴前增高,OV20%和OV9%较配戴前均降低,比较有差异(t=-5.31、8.37、2.34,均P<0.05),MTF cutoff、OSI、OV100%与配戴前相比无差异(t=-1.57、-1.35、1.11,均P>0.05)。结论:长期配戴角膜塑形镜改变角膜前表面形态,对角膜生物力学无明显影响,患者日间客观视觉质量提高,而夜间视觉质量下降。  相似文献   
7.
Hip flexor musculature was instrumental in the evolution of hominin bipedal gait and in endurance running for hunting in the genus Homo. The iliacus and psoas major muscles were historically considered to have separate tendons with different insertions on the lesser trochanter. However, in the early 20th century, it became “common knowledge” that the two muscles insert together on the lesser trochanter as the “iliopsoas” tendon. We revisited the findings of early anatomists and tested the more recent paradigm of a common “iliopsoas” tendon based on dissections of hips and their associated musculature (n = 17). We rediscovered that the tendon of the psoas muscle inserts only into a crest running from the superior to anterior aspect of the lesser trochanter, separate from the iliacus. The iliacus inserts fleshly into the anterior portion of the lesser trochanter and into an inferior crest extending from it. We developed 3D multibody dynamics biomechanical models for: (a) the conjoint “iliopsoas” tendon hypothesis and (b) the separate insertion hypothesis. We show that the conjoint model underestimates the iliacus' capacity to generate hip flexion relative to the separate insertion model. Further work reevaluating the primate lower limb (including human) through dissection, needs to be performed to develop those datasets for reconstructing anatomy in fossil hominins using the extant phylogenetic bracket approach, which is frequently used for tetrapods clades outside of paleoanthropology.  相似文献   
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Magnetic resonance elastography aims to non-invasively and remotely characterize the mechanical properties of living tissues. To quantitatively and regionally map the shear viscoelastic moduli in vivo, the technique must achieve proper mechanical excitation throughout the targeted tissues. Although it is straightforward, ante manibus, in close organs such as the liver or the breast, which practitioners clinically palpate already, it is somewhat fortunately highly challenging to trick the natural protective barriers of remote organs such as the brain. So far, mechanical waves have been induced in the latter by shaking the surrounding cranial bones. Here, the skull was circumvented by guiding pressure waves inside the subject's buccal cavity so mechanical waves could propagate from within through the brainstem up to the brain. Repeatable, reproducible and robust displacement fields were recorded in phantoms and in vivo by magnetic resonance elastography with guided pressure waves such that quantitative mechanical outcomes were extracted in the human brain.  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundFollowing rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty, “quadriceps avoidance gait”, defined by limited knee flexion angle excursion during walking, persists and contributes to poor long-term outcomes. Given the presence of several post-surgical impairments, identifying the contribution of multiple factors to knee flexion angle excursion is important to developing targeted interventions to improve recovery after total knee arthroplasty.Research questionsWhich outcomes continue to improve following rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty? What are the primary contributors to impaired knee flexion angle excursion during walking following total knee arthroplasty?MethodsPeak muscle strength and rate of torque development of the quadriceps, hip abductors, and hip external rotators, five-time sit-to-stand test, Knee Injury & Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and gait mechanics were assessed in 24 participants at three and six months post-surgery. Paired sample t-tests or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to compare outcomes between assessments. Stepwise multiple linear regression were used to assess the contribution of each measure to knee flexion angle excursion.ResultsSignificant improvements were noted in all outcomes except hip external rotation rate of torque development, gait speed, and knee flexion angle excursion. Quadriceps rate of torque development and knee pain significantly contributed to knee flexion angle excursion at three months (Adjusted R2 = 0.342), while quadriceps rate of torque development and peak hip external rotation strength significantly contributed at six months (Adjusted R2 = 0.436).SignificanceWhile higher pain levels at three months and greater peak hip external rotation muscle strength at six months contribute to impaired knee flexion angle excursion, quadriceps rate of torque development was the primary contributor to knee flexion angle excursion at both three and six months after surgery. Implementing strategies to maximize quadriceps rate of torque development during rehabilitation may help to reduce quadriceps avoidance gait after total knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   
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