Discovery of Hydroxyamidine Derivatives as Highly Potent,Selective Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors

In this study, a series of novel hydroxyamidine derivatives were identified as potent and selective IDO1 inhibitors by structure-based drug design. Among them, compounds 13–15 and 18 exhibited favorable enzymatic and cellular activities. Compound 18 showed improved bioavailability in mouse, rat, and dog (F% = 44%, 58.8%, 102.1%, respectively). With reasonable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, compound 18 was further evaluated in a transgenic MC38 xenograft mouse model. The combination of compound 18 with PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed a synergistic antitumor effect. These data indicated that compound 18 as a potential cancer immunotherapy agent should warrant further investigation.     

环丙氟喹诺酮C3/C7双腙的合成及抗肿瘤活性

用酰腙及腙分别作为抗菌氟喹诺酮类药物环丙沙星C3羧基和C7哌嗪基的等排体,设计合成了10个未见文献报道的双腙1-环丙基-6-氟-3-(取代苯叉肼酰基)-7-(取代苯叉肼基)-喹啉-4(1H)-酮(3a～3j)新化合物。体外抗肿瘤活性实验发现,双腙化合物对L1210、HL60和CHO 3种肿瘤细胞抑制活性远高于母体环丙沙星。这表明C3羧基和C7哌嗪基不是抗肿瘤活性所必需的药效团,可被其电子等排体取代,进一步扩展了结构修饰的范围。     

Transport Characteristics of Peptidomimetics. Effect of the Pyrrolinone Bioisostere on Transport Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

Purpose. To compare the permeation characteristics of amide bond-containing HIV-1 protease inhibitors and their pyrrolinone-containing counterparts across Caco-2 cell monolayers, a model of the intestinal mucosa. Methods. Transepithelial transport and cellular uptake of three pairs of amide bond-containing and pyrrolinone-based peptidomimetics were assessed in the presence and absence of cyclosporin A using the Caco-2 cell culture model. The potential of the peptidomimetics to interact with biological membranes was estimated by IAM chromatography. Results. In the absence of cyclosporin A, apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) flux of all compounds studied was less than the flux determined in the opposite direction (i.e., BL-to-AP). The ratio of the apparent permeability coefficients (P_app) calculated for the BL-to-AP and AP-to-BL transport (P_BLAP/P_APBL) varied between 1.7 and 36.2. When individual pairs were compared, P_BLAP/P_APBL ratios of the pyrrolinone-containing compounds were 1.5 to 11.5 times greater than those determined for the amide bond-containing analogs. Addition of 25 M cyclosporin A to the transport buffer reduced the P_BLAP /P_APBL ratios for all protease inhibitors to a value close to unity. Under these conditions, the amide bond-containing peptidomimetics were at least 1.6 to 2.8 times more able to permeate Caco-2 cell monolayers than were the pyrrolinone-containing compounds. The intrinsic uptake characteristics into Caco-2 cells determined in the presence of 25 M cyclosporin A were slightly greater for the amide bond-containing protease inhibitors than for the pyrrolinone-containing analogs. These uptake results are consistent with the transepithelial transport results determined across this in vitro model of the intestinal mucosa. Conclusions. The amide bond-containing and pyrrolinone-based peptidomimetics are substrates for apically polarized efflux systems present in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The intrinsic permeabilities of the amide bond-containing protease inhibitors are slightly greater than the intrinsic permeabilities of the pyrrolinone-based analogs through Caco-2 cell monolayers.     

Potent,Long-Acting Cyclopentane-1,3-Dione Thromboxane (A2)-Receptor Antagonists

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Synthesis and Functionalization of Cyclic Sulfonimidamides: A Novel Chiral Heterocyclic Carboxylic Acid Bioisostere

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Part IV. 环丙沙星C-3羧基衍生物均三唑并噻二嗪及吡唑并均三唑的合成和抗肿瘤活性研究

基于抗菌氟喹诺酮的作用机制, 一个有效的转化其抗菌活性到抗肿瘤活性的修饰途径被进一步发展。用稠杂环均三唑并噻二嗪作为环丙沙星 (CFX) 羧基的生物电子等排体, 设计合成了1-环丙基-6-氟-7-哌嗪-1-基- 3-(6-取代苯基-7H-[1, 2, 4]三唑并[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]噻二嗪-3-基)-喹啉-4(1H)-酮 (5a～5e) 及相应的N-乙酰稠杂环化合物 (6a～6e)。同时发现, 均三唑并噻二嗪在热醋酐中可发生噻二嗪环的缩环挤出硫反应到相应的三乙酰化吡唑并均三唑新稠环体系 (7a～7e)。用MTT法评价了新稠杂环化合物对L1210、CHO和HL60 3种癌细胞株的体外生长抑制活性。结果表明, 15个供试化合物的活性 (IC₅₀ < 25 μmol·L⁻¹) 均显著高于母体化合物CFX的活性(IC₅₀ > 150 μmol·L⁻¹), 而且活性按7a～7e > 5a～5e > 6a～6e顺序递减。     

The role of sulfamide derivatives in medicinal chemistry: a patent review (2006 – 2008)

Background: The sulfamide (R₂NSO₂NR₂) functionality is an acceptable functional group in medicinal chemistry when incorporated into putative small-molecule therapeutics, as it has the potential to form several electrostatic interactions with protein and other targets. The clinically-useful broad spectrum antibiotic doripenem contains a mono-substituted sulfamide. The sulfamide functional group is often found to substitute for sulfonamide, sulfamate or urea functionality. Objective/method: During the period of 2006 – 2008, there were nine published patents in which all or most reported compounds contained the sulfamide functional group. There are also patents in which the structures disclosed contain a cyclic sulfamide functional group. Further, there are patents published during this timeframe that contain only a few sulfamide-containing examples, typically as a bioisosteric replacement for a sulfonamide moiety. In this review, we focus on those published patents in which most compounds disclosed are sulfamides and only briefly highlight examples in which sulfamides are included among a large list of other suitable functionalities. Conclusion: While the sulfamide functionality is still fairly under-represented in medicinal chemistry, it is a valuable and versatile group that will gain increasing acceptance and favor in the future.     

氟喹诺酮C-3羧基等排体的合成及抗肿瘤活性:均三唑-噁二唑甲硫醚曼尼希碱衍生物

为寻找抗肿瘤氟喹诺酮C-3羧酸等排体的有效优化策略,基于C-3 均三唑-噁二唑甲硫醚(6a~6j)结构特征,在培氟沙星(1)羧基等排体均三唑环上发生氨甲基化反应得新的曼尼希碱目标化合物(7a~7j),其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。用MTT方法评价了硫醚及其曼尼希碱化合物体外对SMMC-7721、L1210和HL60 3种肿瘤细胞的生长抑制活性。结果表明,硫醚及其曼尼希碱对3种肿瘤细胞的生长抑制活性不但显著强于母体化合物1,而且曼尼希碱的活性也高于其相应硫醚的活性,尤其对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的活性明显高于对白血病细胞L1210和HL60的活性,显示出了一定的抗肿瘤选择性。     

培氟沙星C-3甲叉基绕丹宁衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

为进一步寻找抗肿瘤氟喹诺酮分子的构建策略,用α,β-不饱和酮为抗菌氟喹诺酮C-3羧基的生物电子排体、绕丹宁环为其稠合功能修饰基进而构建了氟喹诺酮C-3甲叉基绕丹宁类1-乙基-6-氟-7-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-3-［3-取代-2-硫代噻唑烷-4-酮-5-叉甲基］-喹啉-4(1H)-酮(6a~6l)目标化合物,其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。初步的体外抗细胞增殖活性筛选结果表明,12个新目标化合物对A549、Hep-3B、HL60 3种肿瘤细胞的活性显著高于母体培氟沙星(1),尤其卤代苯基绕丹宁化合物的活性强于其他取代基,对人非小细胞肺肿瘤细胞A549的活性与对照阿霉素相当,且对正常细胞Vero表现出较低细胞毒作用,显示出较好的选择性。为此,甲叉基绕丹宁替代C-3羧基的衍生物有利于提高氟喹诺酮的抗肿瘤活性。     

Improved Cav2.2 Channel Inhibitors through a gem-Dimethylsulfone Bioisostere Replacement of a Labile Sulfonamide

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