产学研合作模式下长三角生物医药产业一体化协同创新发展研究——基于专利合作及基金项目合作

长三角一体化上升并发展为国家战略后，国内鲜有探讨长三角地区生物医药产业一体化协同发展的研究，长三角作为我国生物医药产业的重要地区，已初步形成产业集群的发展模式。本研究基于专利及基金项目合作的产学研模式，利用社会网络分析方法（SNA）对长三角地区生物医药产业中专利和国家自然科学基金重大项目合作进行分析研究。研究表明，长三角地区生物医药领域的产学研合作还处于发展阶段，一体化程度也有待提高；高校及科研院所更倾向于与企业合作开展发明专利，与高校合作开展基金项目研究。长三角地区三省一市间的生物医药产业发展也存在一定差距，建议长三角地区采取产学研深度融合模式，相关龙头科研机构建立开放式创新平台，医药类高校借助学科优势培养创新型人才，采取“揭榜挂帅”等方式进行关键核心技术攻关。     

The 2017 deregulation of pharmacies in Italy: Introducing non-pharmacist ownership

Italy is the last European country to adopt policies on the liberalization of pharmacy ownership. In August 2017, the Italian government approved the law n. 124 (annual market and competition law), despite the opposition of some stakeholders. This law extended the ownership of pharmacies to non-pharmacist business partners. Law n. 124 is an important turning point for pharmacists in Italy and could lead to a general reorganization of the Italian pharmaceutical system. As has already happened in several European countries, the removal of barriers to pharmacy ownership incentivizes finance companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers to make significant investments in this sector, leading to the emergence of commercial pharmacy chains. The future of community pharmacies is uncertain and is closely linked to the fate of the current government. However, progressive polarization between independent pharmacies and pharmacies that are part of chains can already be observed.     

Optimización de la predicción de problemas financieros en empresas sanitarias privadas españolas aplicando algoritmos genéticos

ObjectiveThis paper presents a methodology to optimize, using Altman's Z-Score for private companies, the prediction of private companies of the Spanish health sector entering a situation of bankruptcy.MethodThe proposed method consists of the application of genetic algorithms (GA) to find the coefficients of the formula of the chain of ratios proposed by Altman in the version of the score for private companies which optimize the prediction for Spanish private health companies, maximizing sensitivity and specificity, and thereby reducing type I and type II errors. For this purpose, a sample of 5,903 companies from the Spanish private health sector obtained from the database of the Iberian Balance Analysis System (SABI) between 2007 and 2015 was used.ResultsThe results show that the predictive model obtained with the AG presents greater accuracy, sensitivity and specificity than that proposed by Altman for private companies with both test data and all sample data.ConclusionsThe most important finding of this study was to establish a methodology that can identify the optimized coefficients for the Altman Z-Score, which allows a more accurate prediction of bankruptcy in Spanish private healthcare companies.     

运用德尔菲法构建上市中药企业竞争力评价指标体系

目的构建上市中药企业竞争力评价指标体系,为评价我国上市中药企业竞争力提供有效的技术和手段。方法通过文献研究初步得到指标库,然后采用德尔菲法进行咨询,请20名相关领域资深专家依据各指标重要性打分,筛选上市中药企业竞争力评价指标体系维度及指标池,经过2轮问卷咨询,最终形成指标体系。结果第1、2轮问卷咨询的专家积极系数分别为95%、100%,专家权威程度为0.713 2,专家协调系数分别为0.659、0.639,指标体系最终包含5个1级指标、26个2级指标。结论本次德尔菲法专家积极系数及权威程度均较高,第2轮咨询专家的意见已趋于一致,形成的上市中药企业竞争力评价指标体系结果可信。     

Bone pain from granulocyte colony stimulating factor: does clinical trial sponsorship by a pharmaceutical company influence its reporting?

ALDAIRY Y., NGUYEN P.L. & JATOI A. (2011) European Journal of Cancer Care 20 , 72–76
Bone pain from granulocyte colony stimulating factor: does clinical trial sponsorship by a pharmaceutical company influence its reporting? It is alleged that pharmaceutical companies sometimes unfairly present clinical trial results. To our knowledge, studies have not explored whether such alleged unfair reporting also occurs in the testing of palliative care agents in cancer patients, a particularly vulnerable group. Therefore, a systematic search was conducted to retrieve all published, prospective clinical trials that used granulocyte colony stimulating factor starting in 2003. Because granulocyte colony stimulating factor can cause severe bone pain – a concerning but historically under‐reported symptom in cancer patients – this symptom was assessed to determine whether differences in reporting occurred based on pharmaceutical company‐sponsorship. A total of 239 published clinical trials met the present study's eligibility criteria and were retrievable. Within this entire group of studies, 65 (27%) were pharmaceutical company‐sponsored, and only 31 (13%) reported on bone pain. However, pharmaceutical company‐sponsored trials reported on bone pain at a higher rate compared with other studies: 23% versus 9% (P= 0.005), and this conclusion did not change after adjusting for dose, use of the slow release formulation and year of publication. The reporting of adverse events from cancer symptom control and palliative care interventions should be improved – especially in trials not sponsored by pharmaceutical companies.     

离散型产业内知识流动影响因素研究——以中药上市企业为例

离散型产业不同于复杂型产业,企业间的专利引用是其显性知识流动的主要渠道。为了帮助处于离散型产业的企业寻找模仿创新的对象及投资人评估离散型产业中上市企业的价值,以中药上市企业作为研究样本,首先运用社会网络分析法构建可视化的知识流动网络图,然后利用网络图的度数中心度和中间中心度进行K均值聚类,对发生知识流动的主体进行类型划分与归纳。最后基于对主体的分类,采用二元logistic回归,从知识流出和流入2个维度探究专利因素和企业因素对知识流动的影响。结果表明,对于企业的知识流出,企业年龄、技术宽度、企业规模、研发投入与其呈显著正相关;对于企业的知识流入,研发投入、权利要求数量与其呈显著正相关,而企业年龄、技术宽度、科学关联度、技术集中度则与其呈显著负相关。     

Awareness of Medicare Regulation Changes: Occupational Therapists' Perceptions and Implications for Practice

Aims: Occupational therapists who work with Medicare beneficiaries should keep abreast about Medicare regulations relevant to practice. This study identified how occupational therapists employed by contractual companies working in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) learn and interpret changes about Medicare regulations impacting practice. Methods: Researchers analyzed qualitative data from 11 occupational therapists employed in a Midwest metropolitan area through an open-ended questionnaire, focus group, and phone interview. Results: Major themes identified included primary reliance on company resources to learn about Medicare regulation changes, reasons therapists were for or against utilization of noncompany resources for enhanced awareness, barriers to, and suggestions for deepening understanding of Medicare regulation changes. Conclusions: Findings have important implications for the occupational therapy field by contributing to better understanding of how current communication and interpretation regarding Medicare regulations occurs with therapists employed in contracted SNFs and conceivable ways for occupational therapists to gain deeper understanding of Medicare regulations impacting practice.