Bacterial infection disrupts established germinal center reactions through monocyte recruitment and impaired metabolic adaptation

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紫萁贯众单体成分对小鼠SIRS模型的保护作用

目的:建立小鼠全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)模型,探索紫萁贯众醇提取物中单体成分对羟基苄叉丙酮(4-hydroxybenzylideneacetone,HBAc),3,4-二羟基苄叉丙酮(3,4-dihydroxybenzylideneacetone,DHBAc)对SIRS模型小鼠的保护作用及机制。方法:BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,HBAc,DHBAc低、中、高剂量(25,50,100μg·kg~(-1))组。预防给药7 d后腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS),造模5 h后检测小鼠肛温、呼吸频率、白细胞、血小板计数、白细胞分类、糖脂代谢以及肺组织炎症因子和炎症相关蛋白磷酸化情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠腹腔注射LPS(6 mg·kg~(-1))可致小鼠呼吸频率降低(P0.05),体温明显降低(P0.01),外周血白细胞数和单核细胞百分比增加(P0.01),血小板减少(P0.01),血糖水平降低(P0.05),肺组织中白细胞介素-1β分泌增多(P0.01)。与模型组比较,HBAc,DHBAc均明显增加动物呼吸频率,升高动物体温,降低外周白细胞水平以及单核细胞百分比(P0.05,P0.01),并显著升高血糖水平(P0.05,P0.01),减少肺组织中白细胞介素-1β的分泌(P0.01)。结论:腹腔注射LPS致小鼠SIRS模型成立,HBAc,DHBAc对LPS致小鼠SIRS模型有一定的保护作用,可能通过IκB,c-JUN通路发挥抗炎作用。     

龙胆泻肝汤对阴道加德纳菌的体外抑制作用

目的研究龙胆泻肝汤对阴道加德纳菌(GV)的体外抑制作用。方法利用稀释法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV增殖的影响,并测定药物的最低抑菌浓度,通过革兰氏染色法观察龙胆泻肝汤对GV黏附人宫颈癌Hela细胞的影响,MTT法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV细胞毒性的影响,96孔微量板法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV生物膜形成的影响,qRT-PCR法检测龙胆泻肝汤对GV BAP、sialidase mRNA表达的影响。结果龙胆泻肝汤水提物、70%醇提物和90%醇提物对GV的最低抑菌浓度分别为(62.5±3.6)、(15.6±1.5)、(125.0±2.8) mg/mL。龙胆泻肝汤70%醇提物(1.56、15.6 mg/mL)能降低GV对Hela细胞的黏附,抑制GV生物膜的形成(P<0.01),下调BAP、sialidase mRNA表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),龙胆泻肝汤70%醇提物(15.6 mg/mL)抑制GV对Hela细胞的毒性作用(P<0.01)。结论龙胆泻肝汤70%乙醇提物能显著抑制GV增殖,并能抑制GV细胞毒性、粘附能力和生物膜形成。     

Bacterial Vaginosis: A Clinical Update with a Focus on Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Bacterial vaginosis is a prevalent vaginal infection that affects women of all ages. Presenting symptoms include a vaginal discharge that is thin and white and has a fishy odor. This infection is associated with the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections as well as premature labor and preterm birth. Recurrence rates after treatment are high, and medication adverse effects are common, leading many women to seek alternative therapies to manage and prevent recurrence. Many of these treatments are searchable online, and ingredients are easily obtainable. The purpose of this article is to review the state of the science regarding the safety and efficacy of alternative therapies for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women.     

Focal infection of periodontal origin

Periodontology has evolved from a predominantly mechanical to a sophisticated infectious disease‐based discipline. Research has paved the way for a greater understanding of the periodontal microbiome, improvement in periodontal diagnostics and therapies, and the recognition of periodontitis being associated with more than 50 systemic diseases. The etiopathology of progressive periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and proinflammatory immune responses. This article points to a role of periodontal herpesviruses in the development of systemic diseases and proposes treatment of severe periodontitis not only to avoid tooth loss, but also to reduce the risk for systemic diseases. An efficient, safe, and reliable anti‐infective treatment of severe periodontitis is presented, which targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens and which can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.     

Treating with besifloxacin for acute bacterial conjunctivitis: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects (AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included. Four studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 1 study compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 2780 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.