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1.
目的不同频率下神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NMES)在ARDS相关性ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-acquired weakness, ICU-AW)中的作用及机制。 方法健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠88只随机分为11组,每组8只。分为:空白对照组(C1)、气管内注入无菌水组(C2)、ICU-AW模型组(ICU-AW)、ICU-AW+AMPK激动剂A-769662组(ICU-AW-A)、ICU-AW+A-769662溶剂对照组(ICU-AW-V)、NMES 20 Hz组(ICU-AW-20)、NMES 40 Hz组(ICU-AW-40)、NMES 60 Hz组(ICU-AW-60)、NMES 80 Hz组(ICU-AW-80)、ICU-AW-40+AMPK抑制剂Compound C组(ICU-AW-40-C)、ICU-AW-40+Compound C溶剂对照组(ICU-AW-40-V)。检测小鼠四肢抓力和存活状态,7 d后收集小鼠肺组织和腓肠肌标本,采用HE染色观察肺和肌肉病理学变化,采用western blot以及qRT-PCR的方法检测小鼠腓肠肌中Atrogin-1、MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白表达。 结果与C1、C2组相比,ICU-AW小鼠出现肺损伤及腓肠肌萎缩,四肢抓力及存活率显著降低(P<0.05),腓肠肌组织中MuRF-1、Atrogin-1基因及蛋白表达显著降低(P值分别为<0.001和<0.05);和C2组相比,ICU-AW组p-AMPK蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.01);与ICU-AW-V组相比,ICU-AW-A组小鼠腓肠肌肌肉萎缩改善,四肢抓力显著提高,Atrogin-1和MuRF-1蛋白及基因表达量显著降低(P<0.01);相比于ICU-AW组,ICU-AW-20组、ICU-AW-60组、ICU-AW-40组四肢抓力均显著提升(P<0.05),其中,ICU-AW-40提升最为显著(P<0.05);ICU-AW-40组Atrogin-1和MuRF-1蛋白及基因表达量也较其它四组显著降低(P<0.01);而AMPK抑制剂Compound C干预后能够显著逆转NMES 40 Hz方案的ICU-AW肌无力的保护作用(P<0.05,ICU-AW-40-V vs. ICU-AW-40-C)。 结论早期应用40 Hz NMES能够显著改善ARDS相关性ICU-AW小鼠肌肉萎缩无力,其保护机制可能是通过激活AMPK发挥作用。  相似文献   
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目的 对近5年失神经肌萎缩相关研究的现状、热点及前沿进行可视化分析。方法 利用Web of Science核心数据库检索失神经肌萎缩领域相关文献,通过CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件分别从年发文量、被引频次、国家、机构、作者、关键词、参考文献等方面进行可视化分析。结果 2017年至2021年共检索到516篇文献。年发文量总体呈上升趋势,被引频次逐年增加。美国、加拿大及英国为高影响力国家,意大利帕多瓦大学为领先机构,作者孙华林发文量最多,作者Bodine S C和Sandri M为主要影响人物。基于细胞学、分子生物学和组织形态学的生理病理机制,以及物理因子疗法、药物、运动锻炼等防治措施,是该领域的研究热点。预测以活性氧为靶点,以寻找多靶向蛋白水解系统药物为目标,探究有效的失神经肌萎缩防治措施,可能成为前沿趋势。结论 该可视化分析总结了失神经肌萎缩领域研究趋势和发展,并预测潜在的研究前沿和热点方向。  相似文献   
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《Clinical neurophysiology》2021,132(9):2003-2011
ObjectiveA large N20 and P25 of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) predicts short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated whether high frequency oscillations (HFOs) over N20 are enlarged and associated with survival in ALS.MethodsA total of 145 patients with ALS and 57 healthy subjects were studied. We recorded the median nerve SEP and measured the onset-to-peak amplitude of N20 (N20o-p), and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). We obtained early and late HFO potentials by filtering SEP between 500 and 1 kHz, and measured the peak-to-peak amplitude. We followed up patients until endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed the relationship between SEP or HFO amplitudes and survival using a Cox analysis.ResultsPatients showed larger N20o-p, N20p-P25p, and early and late HFO amplitudes than the control values. N20p-P25p was associated with survival periods (p = 0.0004), while early and late HFO amplitudes showed no significant association with survival (p = 0.4307, and p = 0.6858, respectively).ConclusionsThe HFO amplitude in ALS is increased, but does not predict survival.SignificanceThe enlarged HFOs in ALS might be a compensatory phenomenon to the hyperexcitability of the sensory cortex pyramidal neurons.  相似文献   
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BackgroundDentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia caused by pathological expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the ATN1 gene. Most cases were described in patients from Japanese ancestry who presented with adult-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with cognitive impairment, choreoathetosis and other movement disorders. DRPLA has been rarely described in Brazilian patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational multicentric study including six different Neurology Centers in Brazil. All patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis of DRPLA had their medical records evaluated and clinical, genetic and neuroimaging features were analyzed.ResultsWe describe of eight Brazilian patients (5 male, 3 female) from four nuclear families with genetically confirmed DRPLA. The most common neurological features included cerebellar ataxia (n = 7), dementia (n = 3), chorea (n = 2), psychiatric disturbances (n = 2), progressive myoclonic epilepsy (n = 2) and severe bulbar signs (n = 1). Progressive myoclonic epilepsy was observed in two juvenile-onset cases before 20-year. A large CAG trinucleotide length was observed in the two juvenile-onset cases and genetic anticipation was observed in all cases. Neuroimaging studies disclosed cerebellar atrophy (n = 6), as well as brainstem and cerebellar atrophy (n = 2) and leukoencephalopathy (n = 1).ConclusionThe patients described herein reinforce that clinical features of DRPLA are highly influenced by age of onset, genetic anticipation and CAG repetition lengths. There is a large complex spectrum of neurological features associated with DRPLA, varying from pure cerebellar ataxia to dementia associated with other movement disorders (myoclonus, choreoathetosis). DRPLA is an unusual cause of cerebellar ataxia and neurodegeneration in Brazilian patients.  相似文献   
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The striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems are known to be vulnerable in multiple system atrophy (MSA), showing neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions. MSA patients who displayed abundant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the regions other than the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system have occasionally been diagnosed with variants of MSA. In this study, we report clinical and pathologic findings of MSA patients characterized by prominent pathologic involvement of the hippocampus. We assessed 146 consecutively autopsied MSA patients. Semi-quantitative analysis of anti-alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry revealed that 12 of 146 patients (8.2%) had severe NCIs in two or more of the following areas: the hippocampal granule cells, cornu ammonis areas, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. In contrast, the remaining 134 patients did not show severe NCIs in any of these regions. Patients with severe hippocampal involvement showed a higher representation of women (nine women/three men; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0324), longer disease duration (13.1 ± 5.9 years; Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.000157), higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (four patients; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0222), and lower brain weight (1070.3 ± 168.6 g; Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.00911) than other patients. The hippocampal granule cells and cornu ammonis area 1/subiculum almost always showed severe NCIs. The NCIs appeared to be ring-shaped or neurofibrillary tangle-like, fibrous configurations. Three of 12 patients also had dense, round-shaped NCIs that were morphologically similar to pick bodies. The patients with Pick body-like inclusions showed more severe atrophy of the medial temporal lobes and broader spreading of NCIs than those without. Immunohistochemistry for hyperphosphorylated tau and phosphorylated TDP-43 revealed minimal aggregations in the hippocampus of the hippocampal MSA patients. Our observations suggest a pathological variant of MSA that is characterized by severe involvement of hippocampal neurons. This phenotype may reinforce the importance of neuronal alpha-synucleinopathy in the pathogenesis of MSA.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨一个回旋状脉络膜视网膜萎缩(GA)中国家系各家庭成员OAT基因的致病性突变及临床表现。

方法:对该家系中的6名家庭成员均进行详细的眼科检查,通过全外显子组测序、生物信息学分析及Sanger验证明确基因测序结果及致病性突变。

结果:先证者因其临床表现及体征诊断为GA。全外显子组测序结果显示先证者OAT基因分别于第6外显子和第10外显子上发现致病突变c.722C>T(p.P241L)、c.1186C>T(p.R396X),该复合杂合性突变在家系中呈现共分离状态。先证者的父亲和哥哥均检出杂合型p.R396X致病变异,母亲检出杂合型p.P241L致病变异。除先证者外,其他家庭成员均无临床症状。

结论:该家系的先证者为复合杂合性突变,其中p.P241L为首次报道的基因突变类型。这一研究结果扩大了OAT基因变异的范围,有利于在分子基础水平进一步理解GA的致病因素。新型突变类型的发现与证实也将有助于为GA的临床诊断和基因治疗提供新的依据。  相似文献   

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