人类转移癌间质淋巴样细胞漫润及其意义的探讨

观察126例人类转移癌,分析比较淋巴样细胞浸润(LI)程度与患者年龄、病理类型、组织分化和核异型程度的关系。结果表明:患者年龄及病理类型与LI程度无关;组织分化程度在LI上虽有差别,但无对应性关系;而核异型程度与LI关系密切。核异型性愈明显,LI程度愈高,反之亦然。这说明核分级不仅可以反映宿主免疫反应的高低,也可提示转移癌抗原性的强弱。     

The first case of Pseudallescheria boydii meningjitis in China — Electron microscopic study and antigenicity analysis of the agent

Summary Reported in this paper is the first case of isolation ofPseudalle-Scheria boydii from cerebral spinal fluid of a boy with meningitis in China. Morphology and culture were observed by light microscopy, electron scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, mycelium antigen prepared by SDS-PAGE was compared with that of the other strain of Scedosporium apiospermum. Both of the strains showed more than 40 peptide lines. Their molecular weight was very similar. On the CS-930 Dual-Wavelength TLC Scanner the peaks of both antigens showed to lie in nearly the same position. It could be concluded thatPseudallescheria boydii andScedosporium apiospermum belong to the same genus, but they are of different strains and reproductive phases.     

空肠弯曲菌HSP43诱导自身免疫机理──分子模拟和抗原优势

我们曾发现空肠弯曲菌４３ｋＤ热休克蛋白（ＨＳＰ４３）能诱导小鼠产生自身免疫应答，本文则进一步分析了这种诱导作用的机理。二株针对ＨＳＰ６０保守区序列的单克隆抗体ＩＩＨ９和ＭＬ－３０不但能结合人及小鼠细胞中ＨＳＰ６０家族成员，而且也能结合ＨＳＰ４３，表明ＨＳＰ４３、人及小鼠ＨＳＰ６０三者均属同一家族成员，具有序列上的高度同源性。小鼠用空肠弯曲菌免疫后出现了针对１０种菌体蛋白的抗体，其中最早被诱导的抗体是针对ＨＳＰ４３的，并且该种抗体在随后８０ｄ观察期间内保持了较高活性，表明ＨＳＰ４３是优势抗原。本文结果提示，ＨＳＰ４３较易被免疫系统识别而产生应答，通过和宿主ＨＳＰ６０高度序列同源性而可能呈现分子模拟，从而诱导自身免疫损伤。     

Effect of Maillard reaction conditions on antigenicity of β-lactoglobulin and the properties of glycated whey protein during simulated gastric digestion

Response surface methodology was employed to study the effects of Maillard reaction conditions on the antigenicity of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in whey protein isolate (WPI) and to optimise the Maillard reaction conditions of WPI conjugate with oligoisomaltose under which the antigenicity of β-LG reduced to the minimum value. The antigenicity of β-LG and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) in natural and glycated WPI during simulated gastric digestion were investigated. The antigenicity of β-LG was reduced from 272.4 µg mL^?1 to 30.99 µg mL^?1 under the optimal Maillard reaction conditions. After 120 min simulated gastric digestion, the antigenicity of β-LG in natural and glycated WPI were 42.83 µg mL^?1 and 15.66 µg mL^?1, respectively. And the antigenicity of α-LA in natural and glycated WPI were 0.78 µg mL^?1 and 0.03 µg mL^?1, respectively.     

Effects of heat treatment on the antigenicity of four milk proteins in milk protein concentrates

The effects of heat treatment on the antigenicity and potential allergenicity of α-Lactalbumin (α-LA), β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG), α-casein (α-CN), and β-casein (β-CN) in milk protein concentrates (MPCs) were investigated at temperatures in the range of 65–100°C for times from 10 to 30?min. The antigenicity and potential allergenicity of α-LA decreased significantly. The antigenicity of β-LG was sharply increased throughout the heat treatment, while the potential allergenicity decreased significantly only at 85°C and 100°C for 25?min. The antigenicity of α-CN and β-CN showed fluctuated changes, but were all lower than untreated sample. The α-CN potential allergenicity decreased when heated at 65°C and 70°C for 25?min. Compared with untreated sample, the potential allergenicity of β-CN increased sharply after heat treatment. The results showed that different proteins in the MPCs showed different sensitivities under heat treatment.     

Hepatitis E virus isolated from rabbits is genetically heterogeneous but with very similar antigenicity to human HEV

Rabbit hepatitis E virus (HEV) in China may represent a novel HEV genotype, although no consensus has been reached. It is unclear whether the ORF2 capsid protein containing the immunodominant epitopes from rabbit HEV differs from those of human HEV. In this study, 661 bile samples collected from domestic rabbits in Jiangsu province, eastern China were amplified by RT‐nPCR using a set of HEV universal ORF2 primers. All 42 (6.4%) positive PCR products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using the ORF2 sequences of 557 bp in length showed the Jiangsu isolates were separate from HEV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, avian HEV and rat HEV, and clustered together with rabbit HEV sequences. These 42 isolates were divided into five branches including two newly identified in the present study. Comparison with rabbit HEV sequences from China available in GenBank, using a 298 bp ORF2 segment, showed these sequences clustered together into a unique rabbit HEV clade, and were divided into eight sub‐branches with high genetic heterogeneity. In addition, 267 serum samples collected from domestic rabbits, serial serum samples from two rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with HEV genotype 1 or 4, and serial serum samples from two New‐Zealand rabbits infected experimentally with rabbit HEV were tested simultaneously by EIA using recombinant truncated ORF2 capsid proteins derived from rabbit and human HEV. The virtually identical results obtained suggest that rabbit and human HEV ORF2 antigens contain very similar immunodominant epitopes. All these data are helpful to identify the biological characteristics of the newly identified rabbit HEV. J. Med. Virol. 85:627–635, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Impact of Maillard reaction conditions on the antigenicity of parvalbumin,the major allergen in grass carp

Impacts of the Maillard reaction conditions (maltose/parvalbumin weight ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time) on the antigenicity of parvalbumin (PV) were explored using response surface methodology. The model to predict the antigenicity of PVand an optimal reaction condition were obtained. In addition, the antigenicity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding ability and amino acid composition of PV-maltose were analysed. The reaction temperature showed a significant effect on the antigenicity of PV. The optimal reaction condition was: maltose/PV weight ratio was 2.04, reaction temperature was 67.15°C and reaction time was 74.25 h. The predicted antigenicity was 0.276 µg mL^?1 under these conditions, and the test antigenicity was 0.388 µg mL^?1. The IgE binding ability of PV-maltose was significantly suppressed after Maillard reaction. Therefore, Maillard reaction was an effective way to control the main allergen of grass carp.     

一株特殊抗原性乙脑毒株的分子生物学特征研究

目的对一株抗原性特殊的乙脑毒株进行生物学和分子生物学特征研究,以找出特殊抗原性的分子生物学基础。方法通过空斑减少交叉中和试验对乙脑病毒KT株的抗原性进行比较。提取KT株RNA,逆转录后扩增其E基因片段并测序,通过Blast与GenBank中所有乙脑病毒基因进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列比对,利用PdbViewer对KT株关键位点突变后的空间构象进行预测比对。结果交叉中和试验显示,KT株免疫血清对其他株乙脑病毒的中和作用较低,而其他乙脑病毒免疫血清对KT株的中和作用也较低。对E基因序列进行比对,KT株属于基因Ⅲ型,氨基酸序列上只在E62位存在一个独特的位点突变:组氨酸(H)→精氨酸(R)。空间构象显示,该位点位于结构域Ⅰ与结构域Ⅱ的连接交界处,当发生由组氨酸(H)到精氨酸(R)突变时,其与周围氨基酸形成的氢键数量和长度发生改变,空间构象也随之发生改变。结论乙脑病毒KT株的抗原性与其他乙脑病毒株存在较大差异,E62位组氨酸(H)→精氨酸(R)的突变是导致其抗原性差异的主要原因。     

Characterization of the GBoV1 Capsid and Its Antibody Interactions

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has gained attention as a gene delivery vector with its ability to infect polarized human airway epithelia and 5.5 kb genome packaging capacity. Gorilla bocavirus 1 (GBoV1) VP3 shares 86% amino acid sequence identity with HBoV1 but has better transduction efficiency in several human cell types. Here, we report the capsid structure of GBoV1 determined to 2.76 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and its interaction with mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and human sera. GBoV1 shares capsid surface morphologies with other parvoviruses, with a channel at the 5-fold symmetry axis, protrusions surrounding the 3-fold axis and a depression at the 2-fold axis. A 2/5-fold wall separates the 2-fold and 5-fold axes. Compared to HBoV1, differences are localized to the 3-fold protrusions. Consistently, native dot immunoblots and cryo-EM showed cross-reactivity and binding, respectively, by a 5-fold targeted HBoV1 mAb, 15C6. Surprisingly, recognition was observed for one out of three 3-fold targeted mAbs, 12C1, indicating some structural similarity at this region. In addition, GBoV1, tested against 40 human sera, showed the similar rates of seropositivity as HBoV1. Immunogenic reactivity against parvoviral vectors is a significant barrier to efficient gene delivery. This study is a step towards optimizing bocaparvovirus vectors with antibody escape properties.