Rural Midwestern Primary Care Nurse Practitioners’ Transition to Practice

Transition to practice experiences for new primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) is of interest, particularly considering the lack of requirements and options for formal training programs. The purpose of this article is to describe new primary care NPs’ experience and perceived needs of transitioning to practice. New Nebraska NPs were surveyed. The main findings include increased confidence and perceived preparedness after 3 months of practice, as well as challenges and helpful supportive services for transitioning to practice. Additional information on the transition to practice experience was provided and supports developing a formal program.     

前列腺癌早期诊断的研究进展北大核心

前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)是中老年男性常见恶性肿瘤之一,目前尚缺乏有效的晚期癌症治疗方法,因此早期诊断对于降低PCa死亡率至关重要。近年来,较多研究开发出多种新型诊断方法以改善对PCa诊断的准确性,同时避免过度诊疗,但其有效性及实用性尚需进一步验证。本文对目前新型生物标志物、联合成像技术及风险预测模型等的早期诊断技术进行总结,以期为临床研究提供指导作用。     

The Political Matters: Exploring material feminist theories for understanding the political in health,inequalities and nursing

The recent “turn to matter” evident in material feminist theories of the more‐than‐human world offers distinct posthuman understandings of the world as continuously relationally entangled, emergent or materializing. In this paper, I consider how these premises both trouble conventional understandings of matter and/or materials, but likewise potentially revise and revitalize understandings of the political for health and inequalities, and for nursing. This is both timely and much needed given contemporary contexts of austerity‐driven neoliberalism in health care and the unprecedented growth in disparities of wealth and well‐being. I wish to explore whether material feminisms allow us to retheorize connections between abstract theory and material concerns like health and inequalities, differently. This is not theory in opposition to practice or activism, but theory conceptualized as sets of entangled emergent practices, but also what constitutes the political, as more fully relational to and in praxis with health‐related activism. I will argue these theories further justify how practitioners can visibly care for and care more about social and health inequalities. Drawing mainly on the work of material feminist, Karen Barad, and her bringing together of queer and feminist theory, as well as feminist new materialisms and understandings of posthumanism, I discuss how this turn to matter together with meaning might transform understandings of health and inequalities.     

泽泻化学成分及药理作用研究进展

泽泻为我国传统中药,广泛应用于中医临床复方及多种中成药中。目前从泽泻中分离到了220余个化合物,包括三萜、倍半萜、二萜、糖类、含氮化合物、苯丙素、黄酮、甾体等。药理学研究表明泽泻醇提物、水提物及一些单体类成分具有利尿、抗结石及肾脏保护、降血脂及保肝、降血糖、抗癌、抗氧化损伤、抗炎、抗补体等作用。该文对近五十年来泽泻的化学成分和药理作用进行了全面系统的整理,以期为泽泻的深入研究和开发利用提供理论依据。     

木鳖子化学成分、毒理与药理作用研究进展

木鳖子是一味传统的有毒中药,始载于北宋《开宝本草》,具有消肿散结,攻毒疗疮的功效,用于治疗疮疡肿毒,乳痈,秃疮等。主要分布在广西、广东等中国南方地区,泰国、越南等东南亚国家也有分布。目前研究表明从木鳖子中提取分离得到的化学成分丰富,主要包括萜类、甾醇类、挥发油类、脂肪酸类等成分。其中已鉴定的萜类化合物30种、挥发油成分102种、植物甾醇6种和脂肪酸类19种。毒理学研究表明,木鳖子水提物及醇提物均含有一定的毒性,毒性随着含油量的增大呈现降低趋势,目前文献报道的主要有毒成分是木鳖子素和木鳖子皂苷类。药理学研究表明,木鳖子除了具有基于传统功效的抗癌、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用外,还具有抗溃疡、抗氧化、调节免疫等多种药理作用。近几年对木鳖子的研究报道不断增多,通过查找中国知网,万方,Pub Med,Web of Science等数据库1964-2019年的国内外相关文献,对木鳖子化学成分,药理作用,毒理研究等方面进行归纳总结,为今后对木鳖子的深入研究应用提供参考。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术快速鉴定降香中化学成分

目的:降香为我国传统名贵中药材,然目前市场上降香来源品种复杂,质量差异较大,为进一步明确其药效物质基础,采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间高分辨率质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术快速分析降香甲醇提取物中的化学成分。方法:采用UPLC RRHD SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温40℃;采用电喷雾离子源,负离子模式采集数据。结果:通过一级精确荷质比和二级碎片信息数据,结合文献资料,质谱裂解规律,Mass bank质谱数据库及对照品的保留时间等,从降香的甲醇提取物中初步鉴定83个化学成分,包括18个黄酮类,31个异黄酮类,10个新黄酮类,9个异黄烷类,7个其他类型黄酮和8个其他类成分。结论:UPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS技术方法可快捷、准确、较全面地鉴定降香甲醇提取物中的化学成分,降香的主要化学成分为异黄酮、黄酮、新黄酮、异黄烷等黄酮类,为降香的药效物质基础研究奠定基础,也为降香药材的质量标准提升提供理论依据和技术支持。     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨质谱的葛根芩连汤的化学成分分析

目的基于超高效液相色谱-离子阱-静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)的分析方法鉴定葛根芩连汤中化学成分。方法采用色谱柱Dikma Endeavorsil C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B),体积流量0.3 mL/min,梯度洗脱。质谱采用ESI源,正负离子模式分别采集一级、二级质谱数据。结果通过对照品指认、软件预测分析,结合文献报道,从葛根芩连汤中鉴定出67个化合物,包括黄酮类36个、生物碱类12个、三萜类及三萜皂苷类4个及其他15个。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS系统阐明葛根芩连汤中化学成分,并初步归纳其各类主要化学成分的质谱裂解特点,为葛根芩根芩连汤的质量控制和作用机制研究提供了参考依据。     

香薷的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

香薷作为常用解表中药,其化学成分多样,临床应用十分广泛。对香薷进行本草考证、化学成分和主要药理活性总结,并在此基础上结合质量标志物(Q-marker)的核心概念,从生源途径、传统药性药效、药动学和体内过程以及可测成分等方面对香薷Q-marker进行预测分析,为其质量评价提供了理论依据。