Stature estimation for Saudi men based on different combinations of upper limb part dimensions

Estimating stature based on body/limb parts can help define the characteristics of unidentified bodies. The most studied upper limb part is the hand, although few studies have examined whether stature can be estimated using fingers plus other hand dimensions. Moreover, there is paucity in anthropometric studies that determined whether bilateral whole limb parts (e.g., arms, forearms, and hands) are related to stature among the living subjects.This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different upper limb measurements and the stature of Saudi men. Furthermore, I assessed whether upper limb asymmetry was present, and developed regression models to estimate stature based on different available measurements. Stature and 13 upper limb parameters were measured for 100 right-handed Saudi men who were 18 to 24 years old.All measurements were positively correlated with stature (P < .001), and the best single predictor was the bilateral ulnar length. Asymmetry was more pronounced in the hand measurements. A multiparameter model provided reasonable predictive accuracy (±3.77–5.68 cm) and was more accurate than single-parameter models. Inclusion of the right-side fingers improved the model''s accuracy.This study developed potential models for estimating stature during the identification of bodies of Saudi men.     

Associations between anthropometric indicators in early life and low-grade inflammation,insulin resistance and lipid profile in adolescence

Background and aimsThe long-term relations between excessive adiposity in early childhood and unfavourable cardiometabolic profiles in later ages are not yet completely understood. We aimed to assess the associations between birth weight (BW) and BMI from 6 months to 6 years of age, with biomarkers indicative of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in adolescence.Methods and resultsRetrospective school-based study with 415 Portuguese adolescents (220 girls), mean age of 14.08 ± 1.6 years old. Anthropometric data from birth to 6 years old was extracted from individual child health book records. Actual weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Participants were classified at each time point as normal weight or overweight according to WHO reference values. Biomarkers were obtained from venous blood samples. Linear regressions were used to explore the associations between the biomarkers and early life anthropometric indicators. From 2 years onwards, BMI associated positively with the inflammatory score and HOMA-IR in adolescence. Children who were overweight/obese from 2 to 6 years of age presented significantly higher inflammatory score and HOMA-IR later in adolescence. TC/HDL ratio was also positively associated with BMI from the age of 5 years onwards. The associations between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes remained positive in adolescence, with overweight adolescents presenting a higher inflammatory score, HOMA-IR and TC/HDL than normal weight adolescents.ConclusionA high BMI from an early age was consistently associated with worse inflammatory and lipid profiles and insulin resistance in adolescence. No associations were found between BW and the same studied outcomes.     

Increased prevalence of undernutrition in Parkinson's disease and its relationship to clinical disease parameters

Summary An anthropometric study was performed in 95 subjects (53 male, 42 female) with Parkinson's disease. Weight, height, triceps and biceps skin-fold thicknesses, and mid-arm circumference were recorded. A high incidence of undernutrition was found (23.6% of males and 22.5% of females, as defined by recent British guidelines). A subgroup of severely disabled patients with Parkinson's disease had a significantly lower mean body mass index than a similarly disabled control group with chronic pyramidal upper motor neuron lesions (males 20.6v 23.2 kg/m² p<0.05; females 20.6v 26.6 kg/m² p<0.01), suggesting that the undernutrition is not due to chronic illness or immobility alone. Correlation between anthropometric indices and clinical features of disease demonstrated that the presence of moderate or severe dyskinetic movements was the clinical parameter most strongly related to undernutrition. The reduction in anthropometric indices was most marked for skin fold thickness (related to percentage body fat) and least for arm muscle circumference (related to lean body mass); therefore the weight loss seen in Parkinson's disease is primarily due to fat loss rather than muscle loss.     

我国青年男子理想体重计算方法的探讨

在营养调查的基础上,以975名北方籍和921名南方籍青年为代表,以实测身高体重为依据,分别推出了理想体重计算公式。北方理想体重(kg)=[身高(cm)-150]×0.6+50;南方理想体重(kg)=[身高(cm)-150]×0.6+48。为检验样本的代表性,又另取北方籍783名青年和南方籍883名青年进行了验证,结果表明,推出的计算公式有较好的代表性。用推出的计算公式分别对1464名北方青年和2264名南方青年的身高体重进行分析,结果表明,新推出的计算公式比以往的计算公式更符合我国的情况,因而更具有实用意义。     

Anthropometry and obesity in myelomeningocele

Anthropometric data on 110 myelomeningocele (MMC) subjects in relation to age, sex, level of lesion and ambulation were studied to investigate growth and the occurrence of obesity in MMC. In 52 subjects, indices of obesity were validated against body composition analysis of total body fat (%BF) using body potassium and body water techniques. Most subjects were short and light compared to reference data and became relatively shorter and heavier with age. Overall trunk growth was not affected by the level of lesion, but sitting height was affected by kyphoscoliosis. Arm spans were similar to reference data, but were significantly greater in wheelchair users. Leg length was greatest in those who walked. Body composition data showed excess adipose in many MMC subjects, this tendency increasing with age. When correlated with %BF determined from body composition analysis, common clinical indices of obesity had variable r values (wt/ht2 0.78; wt/sitting ht2 0.77; upper arm fat area 0.75; triceps skinfold 0.74; wt/arm span2 0.68, with the 4 skinfold method correlating best, 0.82). Anthropometric measures, taken with cognizance of level of disability and mobility, can accurately assess body growth and the occurrence of obesity in MMC. The influence of ambulatory activity in promoting normal growth is emphasized.     

瑶族体型的Heath—Carter人体测量法研究

的　探讨瑶族成人体型的特点与规律。方法　应用Heath -Carter人体测量法 ,对广西田林县利周乡 2 18例(男 116 ,女 10 2 ) 2 0～ 45岁盘古瑶族成人体型进行活体测量。结果　瑶族平均体型男性为均衡的中胚层体型 ( 1.8-4 .9-2 .2 ) ,女性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型 ( 3 .1-4 .3 -1.9) ;瑶族男性 2 0～ 40岁间各年龄组 ,内因子值和中因子值变化不大 ,外因子值略有减少 ,内、中因子值的最小值及外因子值的最大值均在 40～ 45岁组 ;女性 2 0～ 45岁间各年龄组 ,随着年龄增加 ,外因子值明显增加 ,中、内因子值略有减少 ;瑶族男女间体型各年龄组比较差异均有显著性或高度显著性 ,P<0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1。结论　瑶族与其他群体体型比较 ,体脂少 ,骨骼肌肉较发达 ,身体线性度适中。     

苗族成人体型研究

目的：探讨我国苗族成人体型特点与规律。方法：应用Heath-Carter人体测量法，对广西隆林县德蛾乡456例20～55岁苗族成人体型进行了研究。结果：(1)苗族平均体型男性为均衡的中胚层体型(1．9—4．7—1．9)，女性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型(3.2—4.2—1.3)；(2)苗族男、女20～50岁间随着年龄增加，中因子值明显增加，外因子值略有减少，内因子值变化不大，中因子值的最大值及外因子值的最小值均在45岁组；(3)苗族男女间体型各年龄组差异极高度显著；结论：苗族与其他群体体型比较，苗族体脂较少，骨骼肌肉较发达，身体线性度较低。     

新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族,哈萨克族,蒙古族活体测量比较

对新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族404人(男232人、女172人)、哈萨克族 359人(男197人、女162人)、蒙古族209人(男117人、女92人)×32项活体测量项目及22项体质指标指数的性别和民族间比较.结果表明,三民族共同特征:身材超中等,头短而宽,头长高指数属高头型,头宽高指数属阔头型,面高而宽,中等鼻高,窄型鼻宽,鼻指数属狭鼻型,口裂宽中等,女性头较男性圆、高、阔.主要不同之处:哈萨克族身材较高、面宽、唇厚、头型阔而圆;蒙古族额部、面部较宽、骨盆值最大;维吾尔族面较窄、唇薄等.     

睑部的应用人类学研究

对１００套成人干燥胸椎的每块椎骨椎孔的矢，横径，椎弓根的高度，下切迹深度，椎板厚度进行了测量和观察。结果提示：７％的胸椎，椎板内面出现不同程度的骨质增生，引起椎板增厚，是造成胸段椎管狭窄的解剖学基础。     

指骨的X线测量及其性别判别关系

目的：对指骨各指节的长度及宽度进行X线测量，为法医学及人类学提供判别率较高的性别判别式。方法：随机选择健康汉族大学生186人(男90人，女96人)，进行双手后前位X线拍片，分别测量各掌骨长与中点宽，将所得数据应用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果：男性指骨左右示指近节宽、中指近节宽及环指近节宽侧别差异有显著性意义，女性侧别差异无显著性意义；除小指近节指骨宽外，性别差异均有显著性意义。应用Fisher法提出8个性别逐步判别式，判别率在86．0％-91．9％之间。结论：以上判别式对法医学及人类学的性别鉴定简单实用，具有较高参考价值。