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1.
目的:探讨支持-表达性团体辅助对肺癌病人心理弹性、死亡态度及述情障碍的影响。方法:选取2020年3月—2021年3月收治的84例肺癌病人为研究对象,将2020年3月—2020年8月收治的42例肺癌病人作为对照组,将2020年9月—2021年3月收治的42例肺癌病人作为观察组。对照组给予常规肺癌护理,观察组在基础上给予支持-表达性团体辅助干预。观察并比较两组干预前后心理弹性、死亡态度以及述情障碍情况。结果:干预后观察组病人心理弹性中坚韧、力量、乐观维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人趋近接受、自然接受、逃离接受评分高于对照组,死亡恐惧、死亡逃避评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人述情障碍各维度评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:支持-表达性团体辅助可提升肺癌病人心理弹性,提高病人自然接受死亡态度,树立正确的生死观,同时降低病人述情障碍。  相似文献   
2.
目的 了解某国家级死因监测点居民死亡漏报情况,评价死因监测信息系统报告的完整性和准确性。 方法 某国家级死因监测点居民死亡信息来源于泸县3个抽样点。采用随机整群抽样的方法,在泸县抽取3个镇(抽样点)共42个村/社,分别从派出所、社事办、妇幼、村(居委会)等渠道收集抽样点2018—2020年全部人口死亡信息,与“人口死因监测信息管理系统”死亡报告数据进行比较,计算漏报率。对“人口死因监测信息管理系统”中抽样点居民死亡报告卡进行审核,评估死因诊断的可靠性和编码质量。 结果 泸县人群总死亡漏报率为9.38%;2018—2020年,漏报率逐渐下降,分别为18.31%、7.53%、2.16%,年度变化百分比为-11.9%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=-5.175,P<0.001),抽样点死因诊断可靠性和准确性较高,可靠诊断单位占比81.81%,可靠诊断依据占比75.67%,根本死因编码错误率为0.21%。 结论 泸县死因监测数据质量较好,但仍需进一步降低漏报率,提高死因监测数据的完整性和诊断的可靠性。  相似文献   
3.
When human remains are discovered, confirming the identification of the decedent is the first part of the forensic medical investigation. In cases where the remains are skeletonised or badly decomposed, differential preservation often increases the difficulty of this task. Bomb pulse dating, which directly compares levels of 14 C within human tissues to atmospheric levels, can provide an estimate of the year of death, which may assist in the identification process. This study measured the 14 C content in samples of hair, nail and puparia collected from donors at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER). The radiocarbon results demonstrated that the nail samples provided the most accurate year of death estimation, with 91% correctly predicting YOD, closely followed by hair, with a 79% correct prediction rate, with both hair and nails having a lag time of 0–1 years. This is consistent with the time taken for atmospheric CO 2 to enter the food chain, and be taken in by humans. Puparia was found to have the highest levels of 14 C, and was the least consistent with the actual YOD (46% correct). However, predicted YOD ranges were still within 4 years of the actual YOD. Based on the results of this study, hair, nail and puparia should be considered as useful samples to obtain accurate estimates for YOD using bomb pulse dating.  相似文献   
4.
ObjectiveSeveral trials have recently reported the safety of pulmonary resection after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with encouraging major pathological response rates. We report the detailed adverse events profile from a recently conducted randomized phase II trial in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant durvalumab alone or with sub-ablative radiation.MethodsWe conducted a randomized phase II trial in patients with non–small cell lung cancer clinical stages I to IIIA who were randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant durvalumab alone or with sub-ablative radiation (8Gyx3). Secondary end points included the safety of 2 cycles of preoperative durvalumab with and without radiation followed by pulmonary resection. Postoperative adverse events within 30 days were recorded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0).ResultsSixty patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, with planned resection performed in 26 patients in each arm. Baseline demographics and clinical variables were balanced between groups. The median operative time was similar between arms: 128 minutes (97-201) versus 146 minutes (109-214) (P = .314). There was no 30- or 90-day mortality. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 10 of 26 patients (38%) after monotherapy and in 10 of 26 patients (38%) after dual therapy. Anemia requiring transfusion and hypotension were the 2 most common adverse events. The median length of stay was similar between arms (5 days vs 4 days, P = .172).ConclusionsIn this randomized trial, the addition of sub-ablative focal radiation to durvalumab in the neoadjuvant setting was not associated with increased mortality or morbidity compared with neoadjuvant durvalumab alone.  相似文献   
5.
目的 构建肝硬化门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)患者医院内死亡的风险预测模型。方法 2018年6月~2020年6月我院收治的107例肝硬化门静脉高压症并发EVB患者,均接受经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)治疗。应用Logistic回归分析影响患者死亡的危险因素,基于独立影响因素构建医院内死亡的风险预测模型,应用Bootstrap法对预测模型进行内部验证,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)评估预测模型的预测效能。结果 本组患者医院内死亡25例(23.4%),生存82例;单因素分析显示,死亡患者Child-Pugh分级、出血部位、门静脉内径、肝性脑病和失血性休克发生率等与生存患者比,均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示,门静脉内径(OR=2.201,95%CI:1.544~3.139)、肝性脑病(OR=3.093,95%CI:1.731~5.524)和失血性休克(OR=1.101,95%CI:1.040~1.165)是影响患者医院内死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05);对所构建的列线图预测模型,经内部验证,其C-index为0.937(95%CI:0.734~0.879),具有良好的区分度;应用ROC曲线分析显示,预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.896(95%CI:0.796~0.958,P<0.001),其预测的敏感度和特异度分别为91.3%和88.1%。结论 了解影响肝硬化门静脉高压症并发EVB患者医院内死亡的独立危险因素,并据此构建的风险预测列线图模型具有良好的区分度和预测效能,有助于临床对高风险患者的筛查和及时处理。  相似文献   
6.
Renal cell cancer (RCC) represents 2%-3% of all adulthood cancers and is the most common malignant neoplasm of the kidney (90%). In the mid-nineties of the last century, the standard of treatment for patients with metastatic RCC was cytokines. Sunititib and pazopanib were registered in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and have since been the standard first-line treatment for metastatic clear cell RCC (mccRCC). Renal cell cancer is a highly immunogenic tumor with tumor infiltrating cells, including CD8+ T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells (NK) and macrophages. This observation led to the design of new clinical trials in which patients were treated with immunotherapy. With the growing evidence that proangiogenic factors can have immunomodulatory effects on the host’s immune system, the idea of combining angiogenic drugs with immunotherapy has emerged, and new clinical trials have been designed. In the last few years, several therapeutic options have been approved [immunotherapy and immunotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)] for the first-line treatment of mccRCC. Nivolumab/ipilimumab is approved for the treatment of patients with intermediate and poor prognoses. Several checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, avelumab) in combination with TKI (axitinib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) are approved for the treatment of patients regardless of their International mRCC Database Consortium prognostic group and PD-L1 expression. There is no specific and ideal biomarker that could help in selecting the ideal patient for the appropriate first-line treatment.  相似文献   
7.
《Drug discovery today》2022,27(1):269-279
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibit the acetylation of crucial autophagy genes, thereby deregulating autophagy and autophagic cell death (ACD) and facilitating cancer cell survival. Vorinostat, a broad-spectrum pan-HDAC inhibitor, inhibits the deacetylation of key autophagic markers and thus interferes with ACD. Vorinostat-regulated ACD can have an autophagy-mediated, -associated or -dependent mechanism depending on the involvement of apoptosis. Molecular insights revealed that hyperactivation of the PIK3C3/VPS34–BECN1 complex increases lysosomal disparity and enhances mitophagy. These changes are followed by reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and by secondary signals that enable superactivated, nonselective or bulk autophagy, leading to ACD. Although the evidence is limited, this review focuses on molecular insights into vorinostat-regulated ACD and describes critical concepts for clinical translation.  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的现况,为我国临终关怀教育事业发展提供参考。 方法 运用SWOT分析法,剖析我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的内部优势、劣势、外部机会以及威胁。 结果 我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育的优势:满足护生群体需求,弥补临终教育空白;规范死亡教育,提高死亡应对能力。劣势:教材有待统一,教学形式略为单一;师资水平良莠不齐,教师队伍尚需建设;地域发展存在差异,人文教育培养不足。机遇:积极响应国家政策,德育发展势在必行;顺应社会老龄化趋势,培养临终关怀人才。威胁:传统文化根深蒂固;关怀发展滞后不前。 结论 我国护理类院校开展临终关怀教育优劣势共存,只有完善相关法制政策、健全临终关怀服务体系、培养高质量师资队伍,并建立具有中国特色的本土化教育模式,才能真正实现临终关怀在我国护理教育中的长远发展。  相似文献   
9.
目的 设计基于生命意义感的高职护生生死教育课程并探讨实施效果。方法 将2019级2个班的五年制高职学生,以班级为单位设为试验组(n=56)和对照组(n=54)。试验组接受为期16周、32学时的生死教育课程(选修课),对照组不接受生死教育课程。入组前及课程结束后采用生命意义感量表对两组学生进行调查,并调查试验组学生对课程的认知度和满意度。结果 教学后,试验组生命意义感总分、生命目的和求意义的意志2个维度得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。100%试验组学生对生死教育课程满意,98.2%学生对授课方式满意,96.4%学生愿意再次参加生死教育课程。结论 生死教育课程在一定程度上促进了高职护生生命意义感水平的正向改变,学生对课程接受度高。  相似文献   
10.
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