脾脏ARFI弹性联合血小板计数预测乙肝肝硬化食管静脉曲张的价值

目的 本研究应用声辐射力脉冲成像(Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse ARFI)技术对慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者进行脾脏弹性检测和分析,探讨和对比脾脏ARFI弹性及脾脏ARFI弹性联合血小板计数(Platelet Count PC)在预测乙肝肝硬化食道静脉曲张的临床应用价值。方法 对232例慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者应用ARFI技术检测脾脏实时超声弹性,并测量PC,所有患者均于检测前后一周内行胃镜检查明确食管静脉曲张情况,以胃镜结果为金标准,应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线比较脾脏ARFI弹性、PC、及脾ARFI弹性联合PC诊断肝硬化食管静脉曲张的临床价值。结果 食道静脉曲张组脾脏ARFI弹性和PC分别为3.52(3.16-3.87)m/s 和62(41-88.25),无食道静脉曲张组脾脏ARFI弹性和PC分别为2.91(2.35-3.35)m/s和129.5(87.25-196.25)。脾脏ARFI弹性和PC在两组间比较的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.001 )。单独脾脏ARFI弹性及脾脏ARFI弹性联合PC的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.76和0.83,差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.0021)。结论 脾脏ARFI弹性测值联合PC较单纯脾脏ARFI弹性能更准确的无创预测慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张的存在,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

采用改良的Sugiura术治疗肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者疗效研究*

目的 探讨采用改良的Sugiura术治疗肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者的疗效及其对门脉血流动力学指标的影响。方法 回忆性分析2013年5月~2015年5月期间我院治疗的56例肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者的临床资料,手术前后采取玻璃管水柱法测量自由门静脉压（FPP）,采用吲哚氰绿15分钟潴留率(ICGR15)检测肝脏储备功能,计算肝脏有效血流（ELBF）,使用B超检测门脉内径、门静脉血流量（PVF）、肝动脉血流（HAF）和肝总血流量（THF）的变化。结果 经过改良的Sugiura术治疗,56例患者手术成功,出现肺部感染和胸腔积液4例,切口感染2例,门静脉血栓形成5例,吻合口狭窄4例,胃瘘1例。经充分引流、营养支持、抗感染、补充白蛋白或输注血浆等对症支持治疗,病情逐步缓解或痊愈;术后FPP水平为（21.3±3.4） cmH₂O,显著低于术前水平【（32.5±5.0）cmH2O,P<0.05】;在术后,56例患者EHBF、THF和PVF水平分别为（0.5±0.1） ml/min、（1481.1±354.0） ml/min和（1046.1±258.0） ml/min,在术后3 m,分别为（0.5±0.3）ml/min、（1574.1±326.0） ml/min和（1131.0±304.1） ml/min,均显著低于术前水平 [分别为（0.7±0.3） ml/min、（1891.0±392.1） ml/min和（1523.1±291.1）ml/min,P<0.05];术后HAF水平为 （435.0±142.1） ml/min,术后3 m时为（443.0±183.1） ml/min,均显著高于术前水平【（368.1±139.1）ml/min,P<0.05】;术后患者ICGR15为（22.7±7.9）%, 显著高于术前的（19.3±5.5）%,差异显著（F=7.327,P<0.05）;手术前后门静脉内径变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后1 m和术后3 m,患者血清白蛋白水平大幅升高【分别为（35.2±2.3） g/L和（36.8±1.7） g/L对（31.8±1.7） g/L,P<0.05】;在术后1 m时,患者外周血PLT和WBC计数分别为（144.5±7.2）×10⁹/L和（13.8±0.6）×10⁹/L,在术后3 m时则分别为（98.1±10.6）×10⁹/L和（4.2±0.8）×10⁹/L,均显著高于术前水平【分别为（75.3±6.7）×10⁹/L和（3.4±0.3）×10⁹/L,P<0.05】。结论 采用改良的Sugiura术治疗肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者能够改善肝功能、血细胞和门脉系统血流动力学指标,降低门静脉压力,对防治病情恶化和消化道出血有帮助,其远期疗效还有待观察。     

核苷类药物在乙型肝炎后肝硬化治疗中的疗效

目的分析在乙型肝炎后肝硬化治疗中采用核苷类药物的治疗价值。方法将本院在2018年1月—2019年2月期间收治的乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者68例纳入研究,以奇偶法均分为两组,对照组(34例)行常规治疗方案,观察组(34例)行核苷类药物治疗,对比两组乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者的治疗效果。结果对照组HBeAg转阴率14.71%低于观察组44.12%,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。观察组临床指标(ALT、AST、TBIL、ALB、PTA、Child-Pugh)优于对照组患者,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。观察组并发症发生率8.82%低于对照组并发症发生率为41.18%,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结论在乙型肝炎后肝硬化治疗中采用核苷类药物可以取得显著的治疗效果,可以有效改善患者的临床症状,提升患者的转阴率,安全性较高。     

布氏杆菌引起布加综合征1例报告

布氏杆菌是一种革兰阴性、细胞内寄生菌,可引起人和动物急性或慢性感染,临床表现主要为病情轻重不一的发热,多汗、关节疼痛,可引起多系统损害。由于布氏杆菌试管凝集试验在部分患者存在假阴性,血培养周期长,易造成漏诊、误诊。本文通过对1例布氏杆菌感染致布加综合征误诊为肝硬化失代偿期病例分析并文献复习,以加强对该细菌的认识。     

Low-molecular-weight heparin followed by rivaroxaban for acute occlusive portomesenteric vein thrombosis in a cirrhotic patient treated with multiple endoscopic variceal procedures

Acute portomesenteric vein thrombosis is potentially lethal. In the present paper, a cirrhotic patient with a previous history of esophageal variceal bleeding presented with acute occlusive portomesenteric vein thrombosis, but achieved complete recanalization by low-molecular-weight heparin followed by rivaroxaban. Notably, no bleeding episode occurred during anticoagulation therapy. This case supported early initiation of anticoagulation in such patients.     

Role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction and objectivesZinc deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis in chronic liver disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases.Materials and methodsWe searched MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2018. We included randomized controlled trials evaluating adult patients with chronic liver disease of any etiology receiving zinc supplementation. Studies with other designs or evaluating chronic conditions other than liver disease were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized studies.ResultsOf 1315 studies screened, 13 were included. Six assessed chronic hepatitis C treatment, with a relative risk of 0.83 indicating no protective effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of sustained virological response. Three evaluated response to hepatic encephalopathy treatment, with a relative risk of 0.66 indicating a favorable effect of zinc supplementation on clinical improvement of this condition. Of four studies evaluating the management of cirrhosis, two analyzed the effect of zinc supplementation on serum albumin levels, with no statistical difference between zinc and placebo groups.ConclusionsClinical trials assessing zinc supplementation in liver diseases do not show benefits in terms of clinical improvement or disease halting. There are possible benefits of zinc supplementation on hepatic encephalopathy, however, this is based on limited evidence. This research question is still open for evaluation in larger, well-designed, clinical trials.     

Clinical implications,diagnosis,and management of diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases

Diabetes mellitus(DM) negatively affects the development and progression of chronic liver diseases(CLD) of various etiologies. Concurrent DM and CLD are also associated with worse clinical outcomes with respect to mortality, the occurrence of hepatic decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Unfortunately, early diagnosis and optimal treatment of DM can be challenging, due to the lack of established clinical guidelines as well as the medical complexity of this patient population. We conducted an exploratory review of relevant literature to provide an up-to-date review for internists and hepatologists caring for this patient population. We reviewed the epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between DM and CLD, the impact of insulin resistance on the progression and manifestations of CLD, the pathogenesis of hepatogenic diabetes, as well as the practical challenges in diagnosis and monitoring of DM in this patient population. We also reviewed the latest clinical evidence on various pharmacological antihyperglycemic therapies with an emphasis on liver disease-related clinical outcomes. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for managing DM in patients with CLD and discussed the clinical and research questions that remain to be addressed.