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BackgroundAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse drug events (ADEs) in older people contribute to a significant proportion of hospital admissions and are common following discharge. Effective interventions are therefore required to combat the growing burden of preventable ADRs. The Prediction of Hospitalisation due to Adverse Drug Reactions in Elderly Community Dwelling Patients (PADR-EC) score is a validated risk score developed to assess the risk of ADRs in people aged 65 years and older and has the potential to be utilised as part of an intervention to reduce ADRs.ObjectivesThis trial was designed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce ADR incidence in older people and to obtain further information about ADRs and ADEs in the 12–24 months following hospital discharge.MethodsThe study is an open-label randomised-controlled trial to be conducted at the Royal Hobart Hospital, a 500-bed public hospital in Tasmania, Australia. Community-dwelling patients aged 65 years and older with an unplanned overnight admission to a general medical ward will be recruited. Following admission, the PADR-EC ADR score will be calculated by a research pharmacist, with the risk communicated to clinicians and discussed with participants. Following discharge, nominated general practitioners and community pharmacists will receive the risk score and related medication management advice to guide their ongoing care of the patient. Follow-up with participants will occur at 3 and 12 and 18 and 24 months to identify ADRs and ADEs. The primary outcome is moderate-severe ADRs at 12 months post-discharge, and will be analysed using the cumulative incidence proportion, survival analysis and Poisson regression.SummaryIt is hypothesised that the trial will reduce ADRs and ADEs in the intervention population. The study will also provide valuable data on post-discharge ADRs and ADEs up to 24 months post-discharge.  相似文献   
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目的:通过传染病专科医院护理人员对于跌倒管理现状的自评及以往跌倒事件的回顾性梳理与分析,挖掘现有跌倒管理体系中的问题,剖析并思考,为今后建立针对不同医疗机构特点的跌倒管理路径的深入研究提供思路。方法:本研究采用横断面研究设计与回顾性分析,于2019年7月1日—2019年8月31日选择在北京地区某传染病专科医院研究期间工作的所有在岗注册护士展开调研,采用《住院病人跌倒预防之临床护士工作自评量表》进行数据收集。同时针对过去5年间该医院发生的41例跌倒事件展开回顾性分析,发现现存问题,探讨管理新思路。结果:参与自评调查的342名护理人员自我评价得分为(242.06±16.21)分,显示出较好的认知水平及预防跌倒的执行力。不同人事编制的护士对陪侍人的宣教工作、不同岗位护士对跌倒标识的管理能力、不同学历护士对病人提供生活用具的意识与能力、不同年龄段护士对后勤部门的协作能力比较差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结合过去几年间院内发生的41例跌倒事件进行分析,跌倒病人年龄为29~86岁,其中男性27例,女性14例,ADL评分≥60分者30例,事件发生前的最近跌倒风险评分显示无风险者或轻度风险者36例,无视力障碍者39例,无意识障碍者38例,有陪护者27例。病人自理能力、跌倒风险评估均为较好状态下发生的跌倒事件与护士对自我工作评测的高分值之间出现了巨大的差异。结论:护理人员对于跌倒防范管理自我执行力评价的高分值与目前各级医疗机构对于跌倒预防管理工作的重视性相关,但是跌倒事件依然发生的事实以及尤其是在身体状况较好、跌倒风险低的人群中发生的真实情况。临床症状观察与评估的科学化开发、跌倒评估系统个性化的改进、多学科合作及病人的共同参与、护理人员管理中的合理分工、健康宣教策略的改进等都将是今后跌倒管理中需要重点关注的部分。  相似文献   
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BackgroundCalcium chloride is commonly used in emergency departments in the treatment of a variety of emergencies. Historically, administration via central venous catheters has been preferred owing to its high osmolarity and vesicant properties. Although preferred, central access may not always be available in time-sensitive, emergent situations leading to many instances of peripheral administration. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the charted safety of peripheral venous administration of 10% calcium chloride.MethodsA single-center retrospective chart review was performed in patients who received 10% calcium chloride in the adult emergency department evaluating for the incidence of infusion-related adverse events. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 years of age or had a lack of catheter documentation during 10% calcium chloride administration or if the 10% calcium chloride was documented as given through a central venous catheter.ResultsA total of 72 administrations were evaluated. Patients were predominantly male (67%), with a median age of 55 years and body mass index of 29.2. The primary outcome demonstrated that 4 infusion-related adverse events occurred (6%) with grade 1 (n = 1) and grade 0 (n = 3) documented incidence of infusion-related adverse events. None of the documented incidence of infusion-related adverse events resulted in permanent tissue injury, and all patients had conservative management.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that administration of 10% calcium chloride via peripheral venous catheters may be feasible and seemed to carry a low incidence of documented complications. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm study observations.  相似文献   
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BackgroundInflammation surrounding the coronary arteries can be non-invasively assessed using pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT). While PCAT holds promise for further risk stratification of patients with low coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence, its value in higher risk populations remains unknown.MethodsCORE320 enrolled patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with known or suspected CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images were collected for 381 patients for whom clinical outcomes were assessed 5 years after enrollment. Using semi-automated image analysis software, PCAT was obtained and normalized for the right coronary (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The association between PCAT and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow up was assessed using Cox regression models.ResultsThirty-seven patients were excluded due to technical failure. For the remaining 344 patients, median age was 62 (interquartile range, 55–68) with 59% having ≥1 coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Mean attenuation values for PCAT in RCA, LAD, and LCx were ?74.9, ?74.2, and ?71.2, respectively. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for normalized PCAT in the RCA, LAD, and LCx for MACE were 0.96 (CI: 0.75–1.22, p ?= ?0.71), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.96–1.78, p ?= ?0.09), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78–1.22, p ?= ?0.84), respectively. For death, stroke, or myocardial infarction only, hazard ratios were 0.68 (0.44–1.07), 0.85 (0.56–1.29), and 0.57 (0.41–0.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected CAD, PCAT did not predict MACE during long term follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of PCAT with CAD risk.  相似文献   
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伴随着儿童近视发生率的上升和低龄化趋势,近视已成为亟需解决的全球公共卫生问题。控制近视发生发展的有效措施包括双焦眼镜、多焦眼镜、角膜塑形镜和药物等。近年来,阿托品作为控制近视发展的有效药物得到广泛关注。由于低浓度阿托品可以有效控制近视屈光度和眼轴增长,且畏光、视近模糊等不良反应轻,故低浓度阿托品已成为儿童近视防控的研究重点。现就低浓度阿托品在儿童近视控制中的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   
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PurposeTo assess the safety and tolerability of a vandetanib-eluting radiopaque embolic (BTG-002814) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with resectable liver malignancies.Materials and MethodsThe VEROnA clinical trial was a first-in-human, phase 0, single-arm, window-of-opportunity study. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and had resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Child-Pugh A) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients received 1 mL of BTG-002814 transarterially (containing 100 mg of vandetanib) 7–21 days prior to surgery. The primary objectives were to establish the safety and tolerability of BTG-002814 and determine the concentrations of vandetanib and the N-desmethyl vandetanib metabolite in the plasma and resected liver after treatment. Biomarker studies included circulating proangiogenic factors, perfusion computed tomography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsEight patients were enrolled: 2 with HCC and 6 with mCRC. There was 1 grade 3 adverse event (AE) before surgery and 18 after surgery; 6 AEs were deemed to be related to BTG-002814. Surgical resection was not delayed. Vandetanib was present in the plasma of all patients 12 days after treatment, with a mean maximum concentration of 24.3 ng/mL (standard deviation ± 13.94 ng/mL), and in resected liver tissue up to 32 days after treatment (441–404,000 ng/g). The median percentage of tumor necrosis was 92.5% (range, 5%–100%). There were no significant changes in perfusion imaging parameters after TACE.ConclusionsBTG-002814 has an acceptable safety profile in patients before surgery. The presence of vandetanib in the tumor specimens up to 32 days after treatment suggests sustained anticancer activity, while the low vandetanib levels in the plasma suggest minimal release into the systemic circulation. Further evaluation of this TACE combination is warranted in dose-finding and efficacy studies.  相似文献   
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