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In this work, we propose an adaptive learning approach based on temporal normalizing flows for solving time-dependent Fokker-Planck (TFP) equations. It is well known that solutions of such equations are probability density functions, and thus our approach relies on modelling the target solutions with the temporal normalizing flows. The temporal normalizing flow is then trained based on the TFP loss function, without requiring any labeled data. Being a machine learning scheme, the proposed approach is mesh-free and can be easily applied to high dimensional problems. We present a variety of test problems to show the effectiveness of the learning approach.  相似文献   
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放疗是治疗胰腺癌的重要手段。但受胰腺运动等因素影响,放疗疗效难以充分发挥。更高效的胰腺癌放疗有赖于运动管理方式的改进与高质量的图像引导。新兴的MR引导放疗技术软组织分辨率高、无额外辐射、能进行功能成像,经过大量研究评估与验证,其在靶区与危及器官的精准勾画、辅助运动管理和自适应放疗等方面有着巨大优势,有望更好地发挥放疗在胰腺癌治疗中的作用。本文就MR引导放疗在胰腺癌治疗中的应用作一综述和展望。  相似文献   
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目的 初步观察MR引导下非小细胞肺癌体部立体定向放疗(SBRT)的可行性,并对有无磁场环境下剂量学差异进行分析。方法 前瞻性的入组3例SBRT的非小细胞肺癌患者,均应用MR引导加速器放疗。治疗计划分别应用有磁场模型和无磁场模型进行优化和剂量计算,同时在常规加速器进行患者备用计划的制备。比较有无磁场模型剂量的分布差异。同时对靶区覆盖度、计划通过率、治疗时间进行描述,并比较常规加速器备用计划和有磁场模型下执行计划的复杂度等差异。结果 3例患者分次治疗时间为(36.67±6.11) min,在线自适应计划平均时间为(14.4±1.7) min,患者基本耐受。治疗前计划的γ通过率(3%/3mm)平均为98.9%,疗中在线计划γ通过率(3%/3mm)为98.5%,靶区覆盖度达99.1%,满足临床需求。有磁场情况下肺部低剂量区剂量略低于无磁场情况,但肋骨和皮肤剂量因磁场存在略高于无磁场计划。在线自适应计划的机器跳数略高于参考计划,常规加速器备用计划机器跳数在相同靶区覆盖度情况下明显低于MR加速器计划。随访结果显示患者无不良反应,近期疗效均为部分缓解。结论 在考虑磁场影响情况下可获得满足临床需求的治疗计划,证明MR加速器引导的肺癌SBRT放疗具有可行性,但治疗时间较长,治疗流程较为复杂。  相似文献   
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Technological advancement has facilitated patient-specific radiotherapy in bladder cancer. This has been made possible by developments in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Particularly transformative has been the integration of volumetric imaging into the workflow. The ability to visualise the bladder target using cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging initially assisted with determining the magnitude of inter- and intra-fraction target change. It has led to greater confidence in ascertaining true anatomy at each fraction. The increased certainty of dose delivered to the bladder has permitted the safe reduction of planning target volume margins. IGRT has therefore improved target coverage with a reduction in integral dose to the surrounding tissue. Use of IGRT to feed back into plan and dose delivery optimisation according to the anatomy of the day has enabled adaptive radiotherapy bladder solutions. Here we undertake a review of the stepwise developments underpinning IGRT and adaptive radiotherapy strategies for external beam bladder cancer radiotherapy. We present the evidence in accordance with the framework for systematic clinical evaluation of technical innovations in radiation oncology (R-IDEAL).  相似文献   
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现有的非接触式心率检测方法存在噪声干扰、准确率低等问题。针对这些问题,提出一种基于FastICA与改进的自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)相结合的算法,采用人脸视频进行心率检测。用摄像头采集人脸视频,并从视频中提取R、G、B通道源信号,即皮肤颜色变化信号,分别求出RGB这3个颜色通道的像素平均值;然后利用 FastICA对RGB这3组像素平均值进行解混,得到3组独立源信号,再用ICEEMDAN将其中一组独立源信号进行模态分解,并选取合适频段内的固有模式函数(IMF)估计心率的信号,最后用频谱分析计算得到心率。设计实验对8名人员进行了人脸视频检测,将检测结果与多参数监护仪进行对比分析。实验结果表明,该方法与多参数监护仪测量结果的平均误差与均方根误差均小于1 beat/min,因此基于FastICA与ICEEMDAN的人脸视频心率检测对人体心率检测具有良好的稳定性和准确性。  相似文献   
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Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow (BM). To dissect the pathophysiology of WM, we evaluated clonal cells by mapping of B cell lymphomagenesis with adaptive and innate immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in the BM of WM patients using mass cytometry (CyTOF). In-depth immunophenotypic profiling of WM cells exhibited profound expansion of clonal cells in both unswitched and switched memory B cells and also plasma cells with aberrant expression variations. WM B lymphomagenesis was associated with reduction of most B cell precursors assessed with the same clonally restricted light chain and phenotypic changes. The immune TME was infiltrated by mature monocytes, neutrophils and adaptive T cells, preferentially subsets of effector T helper, effector CTL and effector memory CTL cells that were associated with superior overall survival (OS), in contrast to progenitors of T cells and myeloid/monocytic lineage subsets that were suppressed in WM cohort. Moreover, decrease in immature B and NKT cells was related to worse OS in WM patients. Innate and adaptive immune subsets of WM TME were modulated by immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1&PD-L2, TIGIT/PVR, CD137/CD137-L, CTLA-4, BTLA and KIR expression. The response of ibrutinib treatment to the reduction of clonal memory B cell was associated with high levels of immature B cells and effector memory CTL cells. Our study demonstrates that CyTOF technology is a powerful approach for characterizing the pathophysiology of WM at various stages, predicting patient risk and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

A human rights violation, obstetric violence encompasses numerous forms of mistreatment against women giving birth in health care facilities. Based on this framework, we conducted open-ended exit interviews with 43 women who had given birth at either one of the two largest public maternity hospitals in the Dominican Republic. Women’s narratives revealed a contrast between scholarly definitions of obstetric violence and their own perceptions of receiving abusive care. Analyzing obstetric violence as a form of reproductive governance and the adaptive preference that ensues helps explain why most women accepted with endurance the poor quality of care that they received.  相似文献   
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