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1.
Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow-up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers.  相似文献   
2.
目的 观察埃克替尼联合抗血管药物一线治疗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变晚期肺腺癌的治疗效果和不良反应。方法 选取首都医科大学宣武医院胸科2018年6月1日至2019年12月31日期间,37例EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌的患者。采用埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3 次/d)联合贝伐单抗(7.5 mg/kg,1次/3周);或埃克替尼(125 mg/次,3 次/d)联合安罗替尼(10~12 mg 1次/d,第1~14天),均21 d为1个周期,至疾病进展或出现严重的不良反应后终止。中位随访时间14.5(9.2~30.8)个月。结果 本组患者中,62.2%(23/37)达到部分缓解,37.8% (14/37) 达到疾病稳定。客观有效率为62.2%(23/37),疾病控制率为100%(37/37)。中位疾病无进展时间为17.9个月(95% CI:10.292~25.508)个月。1年生存率为83.8%,18个月生存率为81.1%。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,肝转移和脑转移对患者的PFS有明显影响(P<0.05)。最常见不良反应为皮疹(43.2%, 16/37)和腹泻(21.6%, 8/37)。结论 埃克替尼联合抗血管药物是一种有效且安全的一线治疗EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌的方案。  相似文献   
3.
摘要:目的 通过应用全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing, WGS)技术分析某三级医疗机构耐碳青霉烯类抗生素鲍曼不 动杆菌(carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, CRAB)的耐药基因、毒力因子及同源性。方法 收集该院2020年1月至3月 重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)、神经外科分离的11株医院感染CRAB菌株,通过二代测序平台进行全基因组测序, 应用 基因组流行病学中心(Center for genomic epidemiology, CGE)ResFinder 4. 0软件分析其耐药基因型,并应用MORPHEUS在线制作 热图,应用毒力因子数据库(virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, VFDB)VFanalyzer软件筛选毒力因子,应用MLST软件检测菌 株的ST型,应用Kaptive软件检测荚膜型,应用CSI Phylogeny 1. 4软件及FigTree v1. 4. 4软件构建最大似然树(maximum likelihood tree, MLT)以分析其同源性。结果 11株CRAB对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢菌素、环丙沙星均呈现耐药,而对阿米卡星、左氧 氟沙星耐药的菌株株数较少。11株CRAB共检测出18种耐药基因,11株同时携带碳青霉烯酶耐药基因blaOXA-23和blaOXA-66,β-内酰 胺酶耐药基因以blaTEM-1D和blaADC-25为主,大部分菌株携带多种外排泵相关耐药基因及抗菌药物修饰酶耐药基因。11株CRAB均携 带多种毒力因子,包括外膜孔蛋白、脂多糖、生物膜、外排泵、磷脂酶和效应蛋白等,如OmpA、Lps、Csu、Pga、Ade、Plc、 Bas、Bau、Ent、Hem、Aba、Bfm、Pbp和Kat等。11株CRAB均为ST2-K22型,同源性分析结果显示C组内同源性关系相近,存 在院内传播的可能。结论 该院CRAB的耐药性、毒力特征复杂多样,同源性分析显示该院存在1种优势克隆株,该克隆株有医 院内传播的风险。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.  相似文献   
5.
6.
目的 调查脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2020年12月—2021年10月选取乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院康复医学科159例脑卒中足下垂住院患者作为研究对象,使用一般情况调查表、简明国际跌倒效能感量表、Holden步行能力分级、Berg平衡量表以及改良Barthel指数进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力的影响因素。结果 脑卒中足下垂患者的日常生活活动能力得分为(58.74±19.16)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示:平衡功能、步行能力及跌倒效能进入回归方程(F=95.361,P<0.001),共解释日常生活活动能力总变异的64.2%。结论 脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力处于中等水平,平衡功能、步行能力及跌倒效能是日常生活活动能力的主要影响因素。临床康复计划中不仅要加强患者平衡功能及步行能力的训练,也要重视对患者跌倒恐惧心理的干预,以更好地恢复患者的日常生活活动能力。  相似文献   
7.
下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入术后的主要难题是再狭窄。脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)主要由巨噬细胞分泌,促进巨噬细胞内脂质积聚,从而使巨噬细胞转化为泡沫细胞,造成动脉粥样硬化。在动脉粥样硬化闭塞介入术后,血管内皮细胞也能特异性分泌FABP4;FABP4作用于血管平滑肌细胞,使之增殖和迁移形成增生内膜,并促进炎症反应,造成介入术后再狭窄。提示FABP4可能是治疗动脉粥样硬化和介入术后再狭窄的一个重要靶点。本文简述FABP4的生物学特性与功能,并就其在动脉粥样硬化及介入术后再狭窄中的作用及机制进行综述。  相似文献   
8.
《Vaccine》2022,40(52):7604-7612
Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.  相似文献   
9.
目的比较飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)、全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL V4c)植入术三者矫正中低度近视的效果。方法采用回顾性研究。以惠州爱尔眼科医院2019年6月至2020年4月矫正中低度近视120例(120眼)作为研究对象,受术者分为FS-LASIK组、SMILE组及ICL组,每组40例(40眼),各组分别接受相应的手术,术后随访3个月比较其矫正效果。结果术后1个月及3个月,3组间视力及有效性指数对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICL组安全性指数高于SMILE组及FS-LASIK组(P<0.05)。术后3个月FS-LASIK组的三叶草像差、彗差和球差出现明显变化,而SMILE组的变化较小,ICL组变化最小(P<0.05)。结论对中低度近视FS-LASK、SMILE及ICL植入术三者均有确切疗效,而ICL V4c植入术的安全性最高,患者的视觉质量最好。  相似文献   
10.
Obesogens are a subset of endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) that cause obesity. The typical EDC 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been identified as an obesogen. However, the in vitro effects of 4-NP on adipogenesis remain unclear. In this study, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C3H/10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to investigate the influence of 4-NP on adipogenesis. The differentiation protocols for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C3H/10T1/2 MSCs took 8 and 12 days, respectively, beginning at Day 0. In differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, 20 μM 4-NP decreased cell viability on Days 4 and 8. Exposure to 4-NP inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation and adipogenic marker expression on Days 0–8, but the inhibitory effects were weaker on Days 2–8. The protein expression of pSTAT3 or STAT3 decreased on Days 0–8 and 2–8. Conversely, 4-NP promoted TG accumulation and the adipogenic marker expression in C3H/10T1/2 adipocytes. The opposing effects were attributed to physiological differences between the two cell lines. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are dependent on mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) to drive differentiation, while C3H/10T1/2MSCs and human preadipocytes are not. Additionally, 4-NP downregulated β-catenin expression in C3H/10T1/2 adipocytes. Accordingly, we hypothesized that 4-NP promotes adipogenesis. The role of the canonical Wnt pathway in the promotion of adipogenesis by 4-NP requires further validation. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms and appropriate risk management of 4-NP.  相似文献   
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