浙西南非疫区布鲁菌病患者临床特点分析

目的:分析布鲁菌病患者临床特征,提高对布鲁菌病的认知及诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年3月本院明确诊断的11例布鲁菌病患者的流行病学特点、临床表现、实验室检查和流行病学资料。结果:确诊患者中,有明确牛羊动物及不熟生肉接触史者6例;临床表现为发热10例、关节痛4例、畏寒3例、头晕3例及乏力1例;实验室检查结果显示,11例确诊患者C-反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率结果均增高,谷丙转氨酶升高8例,降钙素原增高7例,血白细胞总数降低7例,淋巴细胞增高6例,血小板总数降低6例,血红蛋白降低5例;血培养送检11例,阳性8例,骨髓培养送检3例,阳性2例;随访结果表明该11例患者经内科积极治疗后均治愈。结论:对长期不明原因发热患者结合流行病学特点应考虑布鲁菌病可能,并应早期送检血培养和骨髓培养,避免漏诊和误诊,同时增强高危人群防护意识,防止暴发流行的可能。     

福建省新型冠状病毒肺炎中医证型探讨

按中医因地制宜的理论,根据武汉市与福建省不同的地理气候,福建省与武汉市新型冠状病毒肺炎中医证候差异,提出国家新型冠状病毒肺炎指南的证型不能完全覆盖福建省的全部病例,福建省应增加"湿热郁肺证",并提出"湿热郁肺证"的临床表现、治则治法与方药。     

明代浙派中医名家楼英调治不孕症思想初探

[目的]总结明代浙派中医名家楼英调治不孕症的学术特点及遣方用药经验，以期对不孕症的诊治提供新的思路与参考。[方法]通过对楼氏所著《医学纲目》中有关不孕症的章节加以研究分析，总结楼氏治疗不孕症的诊治心得，浅析其治疗不孕症的学术特点及用药经验，并引用三种证型加以说明。[结果]楼氏在提炼明代以前医学名家治疗不孕症的学术思想基础上，结合自身临床经验，认为不孕症的主因有气血不足、痰瘀气滞、体质偏颇、男方精气不足等，治疗该病以调和气血为原则，通过养血益气、行气化瘀、温经暖宫、化痰祛湿、温通督脉诸法辨证施治。文中所引痰塞胞络型、阴虚血亏型、瘀滞胞宫型三种不孕证型，充分体现了楼氏以健脾化痰、滋阴养血、化瘀通络为治则，采用丹溪植芝汤、增损三才丸、荡胞汤为主方调治不孕症的诊疗思路。[结论]楼氏认为不孕症是由多因素引起的女性机体气血失和，难以摄精成孕，其治疗当以调和气血为总则，辨证论治，其学术思想具备临床价值，同时也体现了明代浙派中医诊治不孕症的源流及特色。     

Mapping mesoscale cortical connectivity in monkey sensorimotor cortex with optical imaging and microstimulation

To map in vivo cortical circuitry at the mesoscale, we applied a novel approach to map interareal functional connectivity. Electrical intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in conjunction with optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) was used map functional connections in somatosensory cortical areas in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. ICMS produced activations that were focal and that displayed responses which were stimulation intensity dependent. ICMS in supragranular layers of Brodmann Areas 3b, 1, 2, 3a, and M1 evoked interareal activation patterns that were topographically appropriate and appeared consistent with known anatomical connectivity. Specifically, ICMS revealed Area 3b connections with Area 1; Area 1 connections with Areas 2 and 3a; Area 2 connections with Areas 1, 3a, and M1; Area 3a connections with Areas M1, 1, and 2; and M1 connections with Areas 3a, 1, and 2. These somatosensory connectivity patterns were reminiscent of feedforward patterns observed anatomically, although feedback contributions are also likely present. Further consistent with anatomical connectivity, intra-areal and intra-areal patterns of activation were patchy with patch sizes of 200–300 μm. In summary, ICMS with OIS is a novel approach for mapping interareal and intra-areal connections in vivo. Comparisons with feedforward and feedback anatomical connectivity are discussed.     

闽台两地“药缘”历史探析

闽台两地独特的地缘优势使得闽台中药文化交流频繁,在历史的演化、变迁过程中不断交融、发展,形成了闽台两地密切的“药缘”关系。本研究从闽台两地中药材贸易交流、“药签”的传播、人口迁徙带动中药交流与发展、具有药用价值作物的引种栽培,以及中药知识本土化融合发展几个方面,浅析闽台两地深厚的“药缘”历史,探究闽台中药文化渊源及其发展的推动力,为拓展与延伸闽台中药的交流合作提供借鉴与启示。     

Incidence,distribution and clinical relevance of microbial contamination of preservation solution in deceased kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study from China

ObjectivesTo determine whether microbial contamination of preservation solution (PS) in kidney transplantation is associated with donor-derived infections (DDIs).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 1077 deceased kidney transplant recipients of 560 donors. In all, 1002 PS samples were collected for microbiological assessment to establish the incidence and distribution of contamination. Comparisons between patients with contaminated PS and those with sterile PS were performed to assess the impact of microbial contaminations in perfusate on probable donor-derived infections (p-DDIs), and potential risk factors for p-DDIs were examined.ResultsThe contamination rate of PS was 77.8% (402/517). Bacterial species accounted for 85.6% (887/1036) of the total 1036 isolated microorganisms and 26.5% (275/1002) of the recipients' PS were contaminated by ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.). Enterococcus predominated the microbiological pattern. The incidence of infection was significantly higher in patients with microbial contamination than in patients with sterile PS (13.8% (107/776) versus 7.1% (16/226), p 0.006). The prevalence of p-DDIs was significantly higher in patients with ESKAPE contamination than in patients with other bacterial contamination in PS (7.2% (18/251) versus 1.0% (4/405), p 0.000). Univariate analysis indicated that ESKAPE contamination increased the risk of p-DDIs (p 0.001, OR 3.610, 95% CI 1.678–7.764). Multivariate analysis determined ESKAPE contamination as the only independent risk factor associated with p-DDIs (OR 3.418, 95% CI 1.580–7.393).ConclusionsThe high rate of microbial contaminations in PS is unusual and probably due to poor surgical procedures. Patients whose PS are contaminated by ESKAPE pathogens could have a significantly increased risk of p-DDIs at early post-transplantation.     

四川省定向免费医学生政策的实践与探索

目的:从卫生政策研究和改进政策的角度出发,总结四川省农村订单定向免费医学生政策在推行中遇到的实际问题,为优化农村订单定向免费医学生政策在四川省的实施提供参考。方法:采用半结构式访谈对四川省、县市级卫生行政部门和基层医疗机构的定向培养政策主要负责人进行个人访谈,并采用焦点小组访谈了解定向生的思想动态。结果:定向生了解政策的渠道有限,对基层医生工作的理解不深,诚信档案未能切实发挥留住人才的作用;定向生考研意愿较高,但报考研究生与留任基层之间存在矛盾;对定向生的培养过程管理缺乏合理高效的模式。结论:应更注重培养定向生的荣誉感和责任意识,改进培养项目中的奖惩机制,优化管理考核模式,在促进各个政策参与部门之间工作衔接更加和谐有序的同时,更好地将定向生引入基层,从而优化基层卫生人力资源建设。     

黑龙江省12岁儿童患龋状况与饮水氟浓度关系的抽样调查

目的:研究黑龙江省不同地区12岁儿童龋齿和氟斑牙的发病情况与当地饮水氟浓度的关系。方法:按照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》的要求,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,抽取全省城乡6个地区的12岁年龄组792例儿童进行龋齿和氟牙症调查。采用SPSS12.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:6个地区饮水氟浓度分别为0.29、0.40、0.68、0.77、0.80和1.14mg/L;相应的患龋率为44.7%、43.2%、41.7%、37.1%、28.0%和40.5%。除饮水氟浓度1.14mg/L组外,随着饮水氟浓度的增高,患龋率有下降趋势,两者呈负相关关系(r=-0.81)。社区氟牙症指数(CFI)与饮水氟浓度呈正相关关系(r=0.78)。结论:适当的饮水氟浓度可有效降低龋齿的发病率,在水氟过高的情况下,可能会引起龋病和氟牙症的高发。     

陕西省新型冠状病毒传播与防控的回顾性分析

目的 分析陕西省严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的传播与防控措施,为当前的境外输入以及今后突发传染病的防控提供一定的理论指导。方法 整理陕西省卫生健康委员会网站公布的SARS-CoV-2流行、防控的相关资料,绘制病毒流行趋势图、传播网络图以及防控举措流程图。结果 陕西省SARS-CoV-2感染病例以输入病例为主(127/256,49.6%)。具有明确传播关系的病例共124例,主要因家庭密切接触和聚餐导致,跨市传播现象不明显;暂无境外输入关联本土病例;这与陕西省防控措施的全面落实关联密切。结论 提高民众特别是家庭成员的防控意识,对接触者实施早隔离、早追踪能有效地遏制SARS-CoV-2的暴发性流行。