Success of day-case treatment of zygomatic and orbital fractures

Traditionally, surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures occurs within two to three weeks of the injury, followed by an overnight admission to allow for extended eye observations. This is due to the risk of postoperative retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) or orbital compartment syndrome (OCS), a rapidly progressive and sight threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. In September 2016 the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals redesigned their trauma service with a full-time trauma consultant, a dedicated clinic, and a weekly morning elective trauma theatre list. This allowed for standardisation of the management of patients with OMFS injuries. Furthermore, a formal day-case ZMC and orbital fracture pathway was developed to allow patients to undergo surgical management of such fractures with a same-day discharge. This has since been identified as an area of excellence by the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme, and is in line with the addition of ZMC and orbital fractures to the procedural list written by the British Association of Day Case Surgery (BADS). Unbeknown to the unit, the volume of day-case procedures was the highest within the UK, demonstrating the importance of GIRFT in highlighting areas of good or unique practice. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of our day-case pathway and designated OMFS trauma service on compliance with recent recommendations by GIRFT and BADS. Secondly, it was to determine the safety of same-day discharge with regards to postoperative complications.     

Methodological advances in the design of peptide-based vaccines

The tremendous advances in genomics, recombinant DNA technology, bioengineering and nanotechnology, in conjunction with the development of high-end computations, have been instrumental in the process of rational design of peptide-based vaccines. The use of peptide vaccines was limited owing to their inherent instability when systemically administered; however, advanced formulation techniques have been developed for their systemic delivery, thereby overcoming their degradation, clearance, cellular uptake and off-target effects. With the rise of sophisticated immunological predictors and experimental techniques, several methodological advances have occurred in this field. This review examines contemporary methods to identify and optimize epitopes, engineer their immunogenic properties and develop their safe and efficient delivery into the host.     

影像学判断乳头乳晕复合体受累的研究进展

保留乳头乳房切除术(nipple-sparing mastectomy,NSM)因较高的肿瘤学安全性以及较好的美学效果,成为越来越多的乳腺癌患者治疗或高患癌风险女性预防性切除的首选。而在术前评价乳头乳晕复合体(nipple-areola complex,NAC)受累情况,选择适合NSM的患者则是亟待解决的重点和难题。本文介绍了近年来应用影像学手段术前预测NAC受累的研究进展及其优缺点,为外科医生后续手术方式的选择提供了重要信息。     

La prematuridad: un antecedente de obligada consideración a la hora de valorar el complejo de células ganglionares de la retina

IntroductionPremature children birth and survival is becoming more frequent due to the improvement in obstetric and neonatal care. This makes it increasingly common to find patients with history of preterm birth in ophthalmology clinics, both in pediatric and adult ages. Premature birth can lead to ocular structural changes, being possible to affect the ganglion cell complex (GCC), among other structures, which can be studied using optical coherence tomography.Materials and methodsTo carry out a bibliographic review of the studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity compared with patients born at term.ResultsSeveral studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity are referenced and their results are studied.ConclusionsIn our clinical practice, knowing the history of prematurity is fundamental in the assessment of GCC measured by optical coherence tomography, since this layer is different in the patients with a history of prematurity compared to patients born at term.     

Solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: Deficiency of mismatch repair and SWI/SNF complex

ARID1A, one of the subunits in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is frequently mutated in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). The most frequent MSI in solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been reported, but the SWI/SNF complex status in solid‐type PDA is still largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 54 cases of solid‐type PDA for the expressions of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), SWI/SNF complex subunits (ARID1A, INI1, BRG1, BRM, BAF155, and BAF170) and EBER, and mutations in KRAS and BRAF. We analyzed 40 cases of another histological type of gastric cancer as a control group. The solid‐type PDAs showed coexisting glandular components (76%), MMR deficiency (39%), and complete/partial loss of ARID1A (31%/7%), INI1 (4%/4%), BRG1 (48%/30%), BRM (33%/33%), BAF155 (13%/41%), and BAF170 (6%/2%), EBER positivity (4%), KRAS mutation (2%), and BRAF mutation (2%). Compared to the control group, MMR deficiency and losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 were significantly frequent in solid‐type PDAs. Mismatch repair deficiency was associated with the losses of ARID1A, BRG1, and BAF155 in solid‐type PDAs. In the MMR‐deficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 compared to glandular components (P = .0268, P = .0181, P = .0224, and P = .0071, respectively). In the MMR‐proficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent loss of BRG1 compared to glandular components (P = .012). In conclusion, solid‐type PDAs showed frequent losses of MMR proteins and the SWI/SNF complex. We suggest that loss of the SWI/SNF complex could induce a morphological shift from differentiated‐type adenocarcinoma to solid‐type PDA.     

Is the future magnetic? Magseed localisation for non palpable breast cancer. A multi-centre non randomised control study

IntroductionMagseed is an alternative method of localising non-palpable breast lesions that has addressed many of the limitations of wire guided localisation (WGL). It consists of a paramagnetic seed that can be visualised on mammography and ultrasound. Intraoperative localisation of the seed is achieved with the use of the Sentimag probe. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare localisation in patients undergoing wide local excision (WLE) for non-palpable lesions between Magseed and WGL.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on all patients undergoing image-guided WLE between October 2017 and September 2018 in two academic breast units with a planned accrual of 100 consecutive patients undergoing Magseed localisation. Data was also collected on a cohort of 100 consecutive patients undergoing WGL in the same time period.ResultsDemographic and disease characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. 4/104 patients were converted preoperatively from Magseed to WGL (2 misplaced Magseeds; 2 undetected Magseeds). Intraoperative identification and excision of the localised lesion was successful in all patients as confirmed with specimen radiography. Overall no significant differences were observed in the proportion of patients requiring re-excision between the two groups (Magseed 16% vs. WGL 14% p = 0.692). Specimens size by weight and volume was similar for both groups (Magseed 39.6 g vs. WGL 44.5 g p = 0.206 and 90.1 cm³ for Magseed vs. 95.6 cm³ for WGL p = 0.579).ConclusionsIn our series Magseed localisation proved to be as reliable and effective as WGL in terms of lesion identification, excision with tumour free margins and specimen weight.     

原发性色素沉着性结节性肾上腺皮质病1例报道及文献回顾

目的:分析探索原发性色素沉着性结节性肾上腺皮质病（primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease，PPNAD）的临床表现、实验室检查特点、辅助检查特征及诊疗方案。方法:对空军军医大学第一附属医院泌尿外科收治的1例PPNAD患者的临床资料及国内文献所报道的46例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。46例患者中男性16例，女性30例；其中44例表现为典型库欣综合征体貌，2例仅表现为高血压；伴Carney综合征(Carney complex，CNC)者16例，2例有甲状腺占位；疾病确诊年龄为11~58岁。实验室检查证实患者均具备促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone，ACTH）非依赖性特征，大、小剂量地塞米松抑制试验均不被抑制者45例，1例被抑制，16例患者服用地塞米松后尿游离皮质醇（urinary free cortisol,UFC）升高。影像学完善头部MRI检查者发现垂体占位性病变者2例，无病变者20例，肾上腺CT检查可有双侧肾上腺多发结节或增粗、单侧肾上腺结节或肿物、单侧肾上腺增粗或未见明显变化等表现。治疗方式有腹腔镜下双侧肾上腺全切术、单侧肾上腺肿物切除术及单侧肾上腺全切术。结果:双侧肾上腺切除术联合术后终身激素替代治疗疗效确切，无复发；肾上腺次全切除术和单侧肾上腺切除术后无需激素替代治疗，但存在一定的复发风险。结论:PPNAD临床罕见，确诊主要依据病理检查，对于影像学检查阳性的非依赖性ACTH患者应高度怀疑本病。腹腔镜下双侧肾上腺切除联合术后激素替代治疗是目前治疗PPNAD的合理方案，具体术式应根据患者自身情况拟定。     

Re-evaluation of websites from burn centers in Austria,Germany and Switzerland

Introduction

Websites serve as information and communication platforms; hence, they are important tools for the self-promotion of hospitals. In 2010, Selig et al. evaluated the online presence of burn centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland based on 37 quality criteria. This study aimed to re-evaluate these websites to assess their development over the past 6.5 years.