2005年淮安市部分乙型病毒性肝炎病例核实诊断结果分析

[目的]了解淮安市乙型病毒性肝炎（乙肝）疫情报告质量，分析乙肝疫情现状，为今后规范乙肝疫情报告工作提供科学依据。[方法]2005年8月，疾病预防控制机构与医疗机构合作，对淮安市2005年8～9月由全市各级各类医疗机构通过国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的现住本市的乙肝病例进行核实诊断调查。[结果]调查260例乙肝病例，经流行病学调查与血清学检测，最后判定为新发乙肝病例165例，复发乙肝病例77例，乙肝病毒携带者7例，诊断依据不足10例，1例排除肝炎。[结论]疾病预防控制机构与医疗机构密切配合，对开展相关疾病的核实诊断工作是可行的方法。     

藿胆丸微生物限度检查方法学验证实验

目的探讨藿胆丸的微生物限度检查方法的验证实验。方法按《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版一部微生物限度检查方法进行验证实验。结果藿胆丸对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有很强的抑制作用,根据方法验证实验结果采用薄膜过滤法（200m/膜）进行本品的细菌计数,常规法进行霉菌及酵母菌计数,常规法进行控制菌检查。结论严格按照《中华人民共和国药典》要求,选择5株阳性菌株进行药品的微生物限度检查方法学验证实验极为必要。     

APEC 医院认证工作会议(CHICAGO)综述

从建立国家医疗质量评估项目的优先发展战略;APEC成员国在医疗质量评估上的经验及合作状况;如何建立与完善质量评估标准;评估对执业机构与人员的价值与影响;建立评估体系的跨地域协作等方面介绍了亚太经济合作组织医院认证工作大会的概况。     

On the psychosocial dimension of the IPPNW meeting in Coventry

Science and Conscience

In the Shadow of the Bomb: Oppenheimer, Bethe, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist By Silvan S. Schweber Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 2000, 260 pp., £15.95, ISBN 0–691–04989–0.

Sanctions

Iraq Under Siege: The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War Edited by Anthony Amove Pluto, London, 2000, 224 pp., £10.99 pbk. ISBN 0–7453–16S9‐X, £35.00 hbk, ISBN 0–7453–1660–3.

Nurses at War

Nurses at War: Women on the Frontline 1939–45 By Penny Starns Sutton, Stroud, 2000, xvii + 174 pp., £19.99 hbk, ISBN 0–7509–23873.

Peace Education

Saying No to Violence — Children and Peace: Activities for a Peaceful World By Jan Melichar and Margaret Melicharova Peace Pledge Union, London, 2000, 58 pp., £9.99, ISBN 0–902680–46–3.     

Verification on the Developmental Toxicity of Short-term Exposure to Phenol in Rats

Objective To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.Methods The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level(DWEL). Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg body weight(b.w.)from implantation(the 6 th day post-mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section(the20 th day of pregnancy). The following information was recorded: general behavior; body weight;number of corpus luteum, live birth, fetus, stillbirth, and implantation; fetal gender; body weight; body length; tail length; and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams.Results In the 60 mg/kg b.w. dose group, the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses, suggesting maternal toxicity. Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from30 mg/kg b.w., and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group, which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses. However, the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Despite using the same method as the US EPA, a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d) was obtained in this study.     

酒石酸长春瑞滨的细菌内毒素检查方法验证

目的：参考 USP、EP,探讨并建立酒石酸长春瑞滨的细菌内毒素标准与检查方法（凝胶法）。方法按《中国药典》（2010年版）二部附录Ⅺ E 细菌内毒素检查方法进行。结果经验证,酒石酸长春瑞滨的细菌内毒素限值确定为 L ＜2.0IU/mg（以长春瑞滨计）,通过稀释法可消除干扰,无干扰浓度为0.035mg/mL（以长春瑞滨计）。结论可按此标准采用本法对本品进行细菌内毒素检查。     

乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液无菌检查法的验证

目的：验证乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液的无菌检查方法。方法：采用中国药典2005年版二部附录无菌检查法项下薄膜过滤法。结果：确定大肠埃希菌为乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液无菌检查的敏感菌株。结论：经方法学验证，该方法准确可靠，可作为乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液的无菌检查方法。     

“药品采购计划单及发票自动核销系统”在药库采购管理中的应用

目的:利用计算机数据处理功能减少发票入库处理时间。方法:运用“药品采购计划单及发票自动核销系统”直接进行网上发票数据导入。结果与结论:该系统能缩短发票入库时间,且保证入库信息准确,从而可提高工作效率。     

浅谈GMP认证中存在的问题

GMP认证制度是国家对药品生产企业监督检验的一种手段,也是保证药品质量的一种科学、先进的管理方法。企业在GMP认证和实施的过程中,存在着与GMP要求不相符合的现象。人们对GMP的认识还有待于提高,我国的GMP认证管理工作应进一步加强。     

A separated primary and scatter model for independent dose calculation of intensity modulated radiotherapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Independent checking of beam monitor units is an essential step in the preparation of any radiotherapy plan. The present work describes a simple model for calculating a point dose from an arbitrary number of irregular, asymmetric fields, typical of beam segments used for IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary and scatter dose contributions were separated using a two-parameter exponential fit to measured beam data, from which differential scatter is determined. A total of 60 IMRT patient plans for a five-field prostate class solution were investigated to validate the model. RESULTS: The average difference between the model's prediction and direct measurement of reference dose was found to be -0.6% (ranging from -2.9% to +1.6%), with a standard deviation of 1.0%. This compares well with the observed average difference between treatment planning system prediction and direct measurement of +0.8% (SD 0.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The model is shown to provide a reliable and accurate independent check of planning system monitor units for the prostate IMRT plans studied. Implementation of the model could significantly reduce the time needed for point dose verification of IMRT plans currently performed by direct measurement.