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背景 随着血糖监测技术的发展,近些年来人们开始使用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统(FGMS)"全景式"地观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血糖水平,明确FGMS指标与T2DM并发症之间的关系有助于提高其临床应用价值,但目前相关研究较少。 目的 探究佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者葡萄糖在目标范围内时间(TIR)等指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年10月于北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者79例,以尿液检查中UACR是否<30 mg/g将患者分为无白蛋白尿组(n=50)和白蛋白尿组(n=29)。比较两组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标及FGMS指标等。采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析探讨TIR、高血糖时间(TAR)与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的相关性。分别采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析探讨FGMS指标与lnUACR的相关性。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TIR对白蛋白尿的预测价值。 结果 白蛋白尿组T2DM病程长于无白蛋白尿组,三酰甘油(TG)、HbA1c、平均血糖(MBG)、TAR、平均血糖标准差(SDBG)、最大葡萄糖波动幅度(LAGE)、平均葡萄糖波动幅度(MAGE)、连续每隔2 h血糖净作用(CONGA2)高于无白蛋白尿组,TIR低于无白蛋白尿组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,TIR与HbA1c呈负相关(P<0.001),TAR与HbA1c呈正相关(P<0.001)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析结果均表明,TIR与lnUACR呈负相关(P<0.001),MBG、TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2与lnUACR呈正相关(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TIR>70%〔OR=0.038,95%CI(0.003,0.467)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素(P<0.05),TAR升高〔OR=1.046,95%CI(1.000,1.094)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素(P<0.05)。TIR预测T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.784〔95%CI(0.674,0.894)〕(P=0.003),灵敏度为78%,特异度为83%,最佳切点为69.71%。 结论 在FGMS指标中,TIR>70%是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素,TAR升高是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素。同时,SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2等多种反映血糖波动的指标也与UACR密切相关。对TIR水平较低及TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2水平较高的T2DM患者进行FGMS筛查有助于早期识别及预防白蛋白尿的发生、发展。 相似文献
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Alison Connolly Kate Jones Ioannis Basinas Karen S. Galea Laura Kenny Padraic McGowan Marie A. Coggins 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(2):205-210
Background
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently classified glyphosate as a Group 2A ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’. Due to this carcinogenic classification and resulting international debate, there is an increased demand for studies evaluating human health effects from glyphosate exposures. There is currently limited information on human exposures to glyphosate and a paucity of data regarding glyphosate's biological half-life in humans.Objective
This study aims to estimate the human half-life of glyphosate from human urine samples collected from amenity horticulture workers using glyphosate based pesticide products.Methods
Full void urine spot samples were collected over a period of approximately 24?h for eight work tasks involving seven workers. The elimination time and estimation of the half-life of glyphosate using three different measurement metrics: the unadjusted glyphosate concentrations, creatinine corrected concentrations and by using Urinary Excretion Rates (UER) (μg L?1, μmol/mol creatinine and UER μg L?1) was calculated by summary and linear interpolation using regression analysis.Results
This study estimates the human biological half-life of glyphosate as approximately 5 ½, 10 and 7 ¼ hours for unadjusted samples, creatinine corrected concentrations and by using UER (μg L?1, μmol/mol creatinine, UER μg L?1), respectively. The approximated glyphosate half-life calculations seem to have less variability when using the UER compared to the other measuring metrics.Conclusion
This study provides new information on the elimination rate of glyphosate and an approximate biological half-life range for humans. This information can help optimise the design of sampling strategies, as well as assisting in the interpretation of results for human biomonitoring studies involving this active ingredient. The data could also contribute to the development or refinement of Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetic (PBPK) models for glyphosate. 相似文献5.
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目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术后,肾盂尿培养联合血清和肽素及IL-6水平对尿路感染的诊断价值。方法选取2015年6月-2018年6月于遵义医科大学附属医院行经皮肾镜碎石术的住院患者201例,根据术后尿路感染情况分为感染组32例及非感染组169例。术前中段尿、术中肾盂尿进行细菌培养,术后第1天采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清和肽素及白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)水平,比较上述指标单独及联合对术后尿路感染的诊断价值。结果感染组与非感染组术前中段尿细菌培养阳性率分别为15.63%和14.79%,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.218,P=0.270);感染组肾盂细菌培养阳性率为81.25%,高于非感染组的3.55%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=121.349,P<0.001)。感染组和肽素及IL-6水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。肾盂尿培养、血清和肽素及IL-6联合诊断PCNL术后尿路感染敏感性为90.65%,特异性为86.44%,AUC为0.873±0.039,高于肾盂尿培养、和肽素、IL-6单独诊断水平(P<0.05)。结论术中肾盂尿培养较术前中段尿培养价值高,且血清和肽素、IL-6及肾盂尿培养联合诊断可提高诊断准确率。 相似文献
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《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2020,23(6):536-540
ObjectivesMuscle damage symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric contraction exercise can be reduced by repeating the experience several times. This phenomenon is termed the repeated bout effect. Although traditional biochemical markers require invasive blood sampling, biochemical measurements have recently been developed that can be non-invasively performed using urinary titin N-terminal fragment (UTF). However, it is unclear whether UTF can reflect the repeated bout effect. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify whether UTF decreased with the repeated bout effect.DesignThis study compared changes in muscle damage markers between bouts of exercise performed for the first and second time.MethodsEight young men performed 30 eccentric exercises of the elbow flexor on the first day of the first week (Bout 1). A second bout of eccentric exercises, same as the first, was performed 2 weeks later, (Bout 2). The dependent variables were muscle soreness (SOR), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), creatine kinase (CK), and UTF. All dependent variables were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in workload or peak torque between the first and second exercise bouts. SOR as well as CK and UTF were significantly lower and ROM and MVIC were significantly higher in Bout 2 in comparison to Bout 1.ConclusionsThese results suggest that UTF sensitively reflects the repeated bout effect and exercise-induced muscle damage can be non-invasively measured. 相似文献
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《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2020,18(3):210-221
IntroductionCystoscopy and transurethral resection are the current reference standard tests to diagnose and histologically confirm non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In other tumor entities (ie, colon carcinoma, cervical cancer), DNA methylation markers have been approved as diagnostic tests with high diagnostic power. In our case-control study, we used an approved molecular cervical cancer diagnostics test that includes 6 DNA methylation markers (GynTect) for the detection of bladder cancer.Patients and MethodsWe included samples from 40 patients with bladder cancer and 34 control subjects. In a pilot study, we analyzed DNA methylation in 38 tumor tissues and 4 healthy ureters using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the GynTect for the detection of bladder cancer in urine sediments from 40 patients with bladder cancer and 30 control subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia or urolithiasis.ResultsThe markers showed very different methylation rates in the NMIBC tissues, ranging from 2.6% to 78.9%. No methylation of any of the markers was detectable in the healthy ureters. Using the urine sediments from the patients with cancer and control subjects, we found surprisingly high sensitivity and specificity for the GynTect assay (60% and 96.7%, respectively). The application of different algorithms for evaluation of the markers included in GynTect resulted in a sensitivity of ≤ 90% and specificity of ≤ 100%.ConclusionThe GynTect assay, originally designed for cervical cancer diagnostics, showed unexpectedly high diagnostic accuracy for bladder cancer detection. The inclusion of additional methylation markers might allow for the development of a suitable diagnostic marker set based on the GynTect test for NMIBC diagnostics. 相似文献
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目的:探讨活血清胰汤灌肠辅助手术治疗急性重症胰腺炎对患者AMS、UAMY、LPS水平及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2019年3月至2020年3月陕西省宝鸡市中医医院收治的急性重症胰腺炎患者70例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。2组均采用经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术进行治疗,对照组术后给予常规治疗,观察组术后在对照组的基础上加用活血清胰汤灌肠治疗,2组均治疗1周。比较2组治疗1周后的临床疗效;比较2组治疗前、治疗1周后的胰腺炎标志物水平、细胞免疫指标及体液免疫指标水平。结果:治疗1周后,观察组总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组(77.14%,P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗1周后,2组血清AMS、LPS、UAMY及CD8+水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组血清CD3+、CD4+、IgG、IgM、IgA水平及CD4+/CD8+比值均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:活血清胰汤灌肠辅助手术治疗急性重症胰腺炎,可通过降低患者血清AMS、LPS及UAMY水平,缓解炎性反应,同时可改善免疫功能,进而有助于提高疗效。 相似文献
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《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(7):991-1000
IntroductionTraining fires may constitute a major portion of some firefighters’ occupational exposures to smoke. However, the magnitude and composition of those exposures are not well understood and may vary by the type of training scenario and fuels.ObjectivesTo understand how structure fire training contributes to firefighters' and instructors’ select chemical exposures, we conducted biological monitoring during exercises involving combustion of pallet and straw and oriented strand board (OSB) or the use of simulated smoke.MethodsUrine was analyzed for metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and breath was analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene.ResultsMedian concentrations of nearly all PAH metabolites in urine increased from pre-to 3-hr post-training for each scenario and were highest for OSB, followed by pallet and straw, and then simulated smoke. For instructors who supervised three trainings per day, median concentrations increased at each collection. A single day of OSB exercises led to a 30-fold increase in 1-hydroxypyrene for instructors, culminating in a median end-of-shift concentration 3.5-fold greater than median levels measured from firefighters in a previous controlled-residential fire study. Breath concentrations of benzene increased 2 to 7-fold immediately after the training exercises (with the exception of simulated smoke training). Exposures were highest for the OSB scenario and instructors accumulated PAHs with repeated daily exercises.ConclusionsDermal absorption likely contributed to the biological levels as the respiratory route was well protected. Training academies should consider exposure risks as well as instructional objectives when selecting training exercises. 相似文献