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1.
目的: 探究普拉克索能否通过抑制心肌细胞MPTP开放减轻脓毒症大鼠心功能障碍。方法: 将SD大鼠分为假手术组、盲肠结扎穿孔术组(CLP组)、盲肠结扎穿孔术+环孢菌素A组(CsA组)、盲肠结扎穿孔术+普拉克索组(PPX组)。CLP组、CsA组和PPX组统一使用盲肠结扎穿孔术建立脓毒症大鼠模型,其中CsA组静脉注射CsA(2 mg·kg-1),PPX组予以普拉克索(1 mg·kg-1)灌胃。观察SD大鼠一般情况、存活率及腹腔解剖情况,超声心动图检测心功能,ELISA法测定血清PCT、NT-proBNP、cTnI水平,通过线粒体肿胀测定MPTP的开放程度,HE染色及电镜观察各组心脏组织病理改变。结果: 术后36 h,假手术组大鼠一般情况、腹腔解剖及心脏病理改变正常,CLP组明显变差,CsA组及PPX组病变程度较CLP组减轻;各组大鼠的存活率:假手术组(100%)>CsA组(75.0%)>PPX组(62.5%)>CLP组(43.8%);CsA组、PPX组心脏左室射血分数均低于假手术组(P<0.05),均较CLP组升高(P<0.05);CLP组、CsA组、PPX组血清PCT、NT-proBNP、cTnI水平均高于假手术组(P<0.05),CsA组、PPX组低于CLP组(P<0.05);CLP组、CsA组、PPX组心肌细胞MPTP的开放程度大于假手术组(P<0.05),CsA组、PPX组小于CLP组(P<0.05)。结论: 心肌细胞MPTP的异常开放是引起大鼠脓毒症心肌损伤的机制之一,普拉克索可以通过抑制心肌细胞MPTP的异常开放减轻脓毒症大鼠的心功能损伤。  相似文献   
2.
ObjectivesTo examine changes in urinary continence for post-acute, Complex Continuing Care hospital patients from time of admission to short-term follow-up, either in hospital or after discharge to long-term care or home with services.DesignRetrospective cohort study of patients in Complex Continuing Care hospitals using clinical data collected with interRAI Minimum Data Set 2.0 and interRAI Resident Assessment Instrument Home Care.Setting and ParticipantsAdults aged 18 years and older, admitted to Complex Continuing Care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 2009 and 2015 (n = 78,913).MethodsA multistate transition model was used to characterize the association between patient characteristics measured at admission and changes in urinary continence state transitions (continent, sometimes continent, and incontinent) between admission and follow-up.ResultsThe cohort included 27,896 patients. At admission, 9583 (34.3%) patients belonged to the continent state, 6441 (23.09%) patients belonged to the sometimes incontinent state, and the remaining 11,872 (42.6%) patients belonged to the incontinent state. For patients who were continent at admission, the majority (62.7%) remained continent at follow-up. However, nearly a quarter (23.9%) transitioned to the sometimes continent state, and an additional 13.4% became incontinent at follow-up. Several factors were associated with continence state transitions, including cognitive impairment, rehabilitation potential, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, and hip fracture.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study suggests that urinary incontinence is a prevalent problem for Complex Continuing Care hospital patients and multiple factors are associated with continence state transitions. Standardized assessment of urinary incontinence is helpful in this setting to identify patients in need of further assessment and patient-centered intervention and as a quality improvement metric to examine changes in continence from admission to discharge.  相似文献   
3.
BackgroundStaphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of health care-associated bacteremia, especially in patients with an indwelling medical device. However, S. epidermidis is an uncommon causative organism in catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and rare pyelonephritis without any indwelling urinary device. To our knowledge, there are few cases reported of bacteremia secondary to urinary tract infection. We report two cases of pyelonephritis with bacteremia by S. epidermidis in male patients with unilateral nephrolithiasis and review prior case reports.Case presentationCase 1: 74-year-old man with a history of diabetes and overactive bladder had fever and pyuria with a right nephrolithiasis on abdominal CT scan. Case 2: 79-year-old man with a history of diabetes and post-myocardial infarction status had fever with a left nephrolithiasis on abdominal CT scan. In both cases, both the urine culture collected at ureteral stenting and blood culture were positive for S. epidermidis. We initiated intravenous antibiotics in these patients in addition to ureteral stenting.ConclusionsS. epidermidis is acknowledged as an uncommon pathogen that can cause bacteremia secondary to pyelonephritis without an indwelling urinary device. Clinicians should consider the possibility of pyelonephritis due to S. epidermidis if the pathogen is identified in blood and urine in patients with nephrolithiasis.  相似文献   
4.
背景 孕产妇尿失禁(UI)发病率高,严重影响了女性生活质量。研究表明,盆底肌训练是UI有效的防治手段,本研究前期进行了一项随机对照试验(RCT),结果发现相比于常规宣教,基于移动医疗APP的盆底肌训练并未显现出预防优势,其原因需要进一步深入探讨。 目的 本研究拟对一项基于APP的妊娠期盆底肌训练的干预研究的阴性结果进行探索性分析,旨在探讨产后UI预防效果的影响因素以及获益的亚组人群。 方法 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项RCT,采用方便抽样法,于2020年6—10月在南方医科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了126例研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组,每组各63例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组在此基础上使用"有爱屋"APP进行尿失禁自我管理,干预周期为2个月。产后42 d随访时收集两组产后相关资料,包括产后42 d UI发生情况。以产后是否发生UI为结局指标,将研究对象分为病例组和对照组,采用Logistic回归分析探讨混杂因素及其与干预方式之间的交互作用对产后UI发生的影响。针对Logistic回归分析的结果进行分层分析,探讨是否存在能从APP干预中获益的亚组人群。 结果 病例组和对照组阴道分娩史、入组时存在UI、Broome盆底肌自我效能量表(BPMSES)得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,入组时存在UI是产后发生UI的危险因素〔OR=15.897,95%CI(4.724,53.495),P<0.001〕;BPMSES得分与干预方式的交互作用可影响产后UI的发生〔OR=1.034,95%CI(1.017,1.051),P<0.001〕。分层分析结果显示,入组时存在UI症状的孕妇,干预组产后UI发生率低于对照组(χ2=4.18,P=0.041);入组时不存在UI症状的孕妇,两组产后UI发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.89,P=0.284)。 结论 推荐有UI症状的孕妇使用"有爱屋"APP或许可预防产后UI的发生。而对于妊娠期没有UI症状的人群使用"有爱屋"APP预防产后UI发生的证据尚不充分。另外,不管有无UI症状,盆底肌训练自我效能高的孕妇有望从APP干预中获益。  相似文献   
5.
目的:探讨降钙素原、D-二聚体联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者预后的评估价值。方法:通过回顾性分析,选择2017年10月—2020年10月在济源市人民医院诊治的脓毒症患者60例,根据患者入院28 d预后情况将其分为存活组(43例)和死亡组(17例)。对比存活组和死亡组的一般临床资料信息,记录患者入院24 h内的降钙素原、D-二聚体、SOFA评分、白细胞、血小板等实验室指标及28 d预后;通过多因素Logisitic回归分析影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素;建立降钙素原、D-二聚体和SOFA评分的组合,分析降钙素原、D-二聚体联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者预后的评估价值。结果:存活组降钙素原、D-二聚体水平和SOFA评分明显低于死亡组(t=22.720、17.640、2.327),有血液系统疾病史的病例数也低于死亡组(χ2=4.596);血小板水平明显高于死亡组(t=7.904),差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,降钙素原(OR=1.311,95%CI:1.024~1.874)、D-二聚体水平(OR=1.809,95%CI:1.204~2.377)和SOFA评分(OR=1.358,95%CI:1.129~1.886;P<0.05)是评价脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素。降钙素原、D-二聚体联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者预后的曲线下面积(0.981)大于单独使用降钙素原(0.875)、D-二聚体(0.807)和SOFA评分(0.823)的面积,且降钙素原、D-二聚体联合SOFA评分的灵敏度和特异性分别为92.7%和98.1%,也高于单独使用单一指标。结论:降钙素原、D-二聚体水平和SOFA评分是评价脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素,三者联合应用比单一使用更有效,具有更高的临床预估价值。  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundFimH adhesin is proposed to enhance Escherichia coli kidney infection by acting with PapGII adhesin, but genetic epidemiology study and animal study have not been widely conducted to confirm this hypothesis.MethodsWe compared the prevalence of adhesin gene and their coexistent pattern between upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) strains. fimH mutant (EC114FM), papGII mutant (EC114PM) and fimH/papGII double mutant (EC114DM) were constructed from a pylonephritogenic strain (EC114). We compared among these strains for the infection ability in bladders and kidneys of female BALB/c mice challenged transurethrally with these bacteria and assessed 1, 3, and 7 days after inoculation.ResultsStrains carrying fimH-only genotype were significantly more prevalent in lower UTI (P < 0.001). Strains carrying the fimH/papGII, but not papGII-only, were significantly associated with upper UTI (P = 0.001). Incidence of kidney infection increased after inoculation with EC114 on days 1 and 3, at both low and high dose, as compared with EC114DM; and the effect was greater than the sum of individual effect of EC114PM and EC114FM. Geometric means of quantitative bacterial counts in the kidneys significantly decreased when challenged with EC114FM on days 3 and 7, EC114PM on day 3 and EC114DM on day 1 after inoculation at high dose, as compared with EC114 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe confirmed the advantage and synergistic action of FimH and PapGII for E. coli kidney infection and concluded that antagonists against FimH and PapGII adhesin may prevent kidney infection and enable its management.  相似文献   
7.
目的分析前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预对尿失禁的预防效果。方法 42例行前列腺癌根治术的患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组21例。对照组患者给予常规干预,研究组患者采取围术期康复干预。对比两组患者的尿失禁发生率,下尿路症状改善情况,生活质量。结果研究组患者的尿失禁发病率14.29%明显低于对照组的47.62%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者的下尿路症状评估量表(LUTS)评分均低于本组干预前,且研究组患者的LUTS评分(10.25±2.02)分明显低于对照组的(15.63±2.59)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的生理功能、情感职能、社会功能、总体健康评分分别为(75.14±4.28)、(76.67±4.31)、(74.98±4.25)、(75.87±4.26)分,均高于对照组的67.21±4.35)、(68.22±4.39)、(66.58±4.37)、(68.01±4.36)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预可以有效降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者临床症状,提高患者生活质量,效果显著,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨脑络通胶囊与尤瑞克林联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法 选取2017年12月—2020年12月太和县人民医院收治的104例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各52例。对照组静脉滴注注射用尤瑞克林,1瓶/次,每次将0.15 PNA单位溶于100 mL生理盐水,滴速1 mL/min,1次/d。在对照组基础上,治疗组口服脑络通胶囊,1 g/次,3次/d。两组患者治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者血液流变学参数血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞变形指数(EDI)和红细胞聚集指数(EAI),脑血流动力学参数血流阻力指数(RI)、平均流速(Vmean)、最大流速(Vmax)及最小流速(Vmin),NIHSS评分,及血清内皮素-1(ET-1)、丙二醛(MDA)、金属基质蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组临床有效率(94.23%)较对照组(80.77%)显著提高(P<0.05)。与治疗前对比,治疗后两组NIHSS评分及PV和EAI均显著降低(P<0.05),EDI显著升高(P<0.05),均以治疗组的改善更显著(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组RI均显著降低(P<0.05),VmeanVmaxVmin则均显著增大(P<0.05),且治疗组对以上脑血流动力学参数的改善效果较同期对照组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清ET-1、MDA、MMP-9和NSE浓度比治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),以治疗组的改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死采取脑络通胶囊与尤瑞克林联合治疗的效果确切,能有效改善患者脑部血流循环,纠正血管内皮功能紊乱,减轻机体炎症及氧化应激损伤,保护脑组织,促进神经功能恢复。  相似文献   
9.
目的: 探讨水飞蓟宾(silybin,SB)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)所致大鼠急性肾损伤的保护作用及机制。方法: 选用45只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组(CTRL)、模型组(LPS)和水飞蓟宾给药组(LPS+SB)。LPS+SB组连续5 d灌胃给药(每日100 mg·kg-1),其他组采用等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液同步处理,第5天时LPS组与LPS+SB组灌胃给药2 h后腹腔注射LPS(10 mg·kg-1),CTRL组采用0.9%氯化钠溶液同步处理,8 h后经腹主动脉取血并收集肾脏组织;ELISA试剂盒检测血清、TNF-α和IL-6水平变化;生化试剂盒检测肌酐和尿素氮指标;HE染色观察肾组织病理学变化;Western blot法检测肾组织核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、Nod样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)和相关蛋白的表达情况。结果: SB能够明显降低血清和组织中TNF-α和IL-6炎症因子水平,显著改善大鼠肾脏功能,减轻肾组织病理性损伤;Western blot结果表明SB可以抑制LPS所致NLRP3炎症相关蛋白的表达和NF-κB通路的激活。结论: SB可有效改善LPS所致大鼠肾损伤,作用机制可能与抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活以及调控NF-κB信号通路有关。  相似文献   
10.
Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare inherited disorder of human copper metabolism, with an estimated prevalence of 1:30000-1:50000 and a broad spectrum of hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations. In healthy individuals, the bile is the main route of elimination of copper. In WD patients, copper accumulates in the liver, it is released into the bloodstream, and is excreted in urine. Copper can also be accumulated in the brain, kidneys, heart, and osseous matter and causes damage due to direct toxicity or oxidative stress. Hepatic WD is commonly but not exclusively diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood. Adherent, non-cirrhotic WD patients seem to have a normal life expectancy. Nevertheless, chronic management of patients with Wilson’s disease is challenging, as available biochemical tests have many limitations and do not allow a clear identification of non-compliance, overtreatment, or treatment goals. To provide optimal care, clinicians should have a complete understanding of these limitations and counterbalance them with a thorough clinical assessment. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with practical tools and suggestions which may answer doubts that can arise during chronic management of patients with hepatic WD. In particular, it summarises current knowledge on Wilson’s disease clinical and biochemical monitoring and treatment. It also analyses available evidence on pregnancy and the role of low-copper diet in WD. Future research should focus on trying to provide new copper metabolism tests which could help to guide treatment adjustments.  相似文献   
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