Associations of residential greenspace exposure and fetal growth across four areas in Spain

An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003–2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15–37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.     

The use of ultrasound,fibronectin and other parameters to predict the success of labour induction

Induction of labour is a common obstetrical procedure and is undertaken when the benefits of delivery are considered to outweigh the risks of continuation of pregnancy. However, more than one-fifth of induction cases fail to result in vaginal births and lead to unplanned caesarean deliveries, which compromise the birth experience and have negative clinical and resource implications. The need for accurate prediction of successful labour induction is increasingly recognised and many researchers have attempted to evaluate the potential predictability of different factors including maternal characteristics, Bishop score, various biochemical markers and ultrasound markers and derive predictive models to address this issue.     

超声引导下辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展

冻结肩是常见的肩部疾病,传统非可视化治疗冻结肩效果欠佳。近年来,超声引导具有动态实时定位、无辐射、便携性、低成本等优点在辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩患者中得到成功应用,不仅能提供精确的诊断,也提高了患者中长期的疗效。本文就超声引导辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展进行综述。     

The role of the sonographer – An investigation into the scope of practice for the sonographer internationally

IntroductionThere is global variance in the role of a practicing sonographer. Literature examining global sonographic roles and scope of practice is limited, despite the international applicability of ultrasound imaging. This study aimed to examine the common and divergent features of a practicing sonographer internationally, and their impact upon the development of a global standard of practice.MethodsAn ethically approved mixed-methods online survey was conducted. The purposive sample included all 75 current elected council members of the ISRRT [International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists], an international professional organisation.ResultsThirty-six individuals from at least 32 different countries responded, reflecting the sonography profession in all four ISRRT regions. The results suggest that sonographer education requirements differ widely, from on the job training (16%, 6/36) to undergraduate or postgraduate schooling (44%, 16/36). Registration and accreditation bodies were present in the jurisdiction of 41% (14/34) and 35% (12/33) of respondents respectively, though many were voluntary, physician-focused or non-specific to sonographers. Five of 11 (45%) respondents suggested that the sonographer–radiologist relationship is individual-dependent, and not primarily positive or negative. Ten of 28 (36%) suggested that other professionals do not know the role of the sonographer.ConclusionThe majority of ISRRT council member respondents believe that an international scope of practice could benefit and be implemented in their jurisdiction (26/28, 93% and 22/33, 67%). The key advantages noted were standardisation of education and improved professional mobility. However, lack of sonographer education and radiologist acceptance are important potential barriers.Implications for practiceAn international scope of practice could be beneficial and implementable in most ISRRT jurisdictions. Professional mobility and education standardization are the primary advantages. Insufficient sonographer education and physician acceptance are the key potential obstacles.     

前节OCT评估V4c型后房型有晶体眼人工晶体植入术安全性的临床研究

目的探讨前节光学相干断层扫描(OCT)评估V4c型后房型有晶体眼人工晶体(ICL)植入术治疗超高度近视长期安全性的价值。方法 41例(78眼)>-9.0D的超高度近视进行V4c型ICL植入手术患者,测量术前及术后1、3、6、12个月的角膜内皮细胞计数,应用前节OCT及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检测患者术前睫状沟沟到沟距离(WTW)、中央前房深度(ACD)、小梁于虹膜夹角(TIA)及术后各时段拱高、ACD、TIA。分析手术安全性;比较患者术前及术后各时段角膜内皮细胞计数、前节OCT测量指标,术前不同测量方法各参数测量结果 , UBM与前节OCT各参数测量结果。结果所有患者手术顺利,术后4 h内13只眼(12例患者)一过性眼压升高,降眼压处理后至随访结束眼压均平稳,其余患者无其他手术并发症发生。术后1、3、6、12个月,患者角膜内皮细胞计数低于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3、6、12个月,患者前节OCT测量指标ACD低于术前、TIA小于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3、6、12个月,患者角膜内皮细胞计数及前节OCT测量指标ACD、TIA、拱高比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前WTW应用卡尺手测、角膜地形图(ObscanⅡ)前节分析系统测量、Master、UBM及前节OCT测量结果分别为(11.80±0.36)、(11.75±0.37)、(12.26±1.17)、(11.94±0.41)、(11.91±0.38)mm, Master测量WTW与其他方式比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前ACD应用ObscanⅡ前节分析系统测量、Master、UBM及前节OCT测量结果分别为(3.1±0.20)、(3.30±0.17)、(3.11±0.13)、(3.10±0.15)mm, Master测量结果与其他方式比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前TIA应用UBM、前节OCT测量结果分别为(40.98±5.82)°、(40.92±5.65)°,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前及术后各时段,前节OCT及UBM测量ACD、TIA及拱高的测量结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 V4c型ICL植入术治疗超高度近视无论视力、ICL位置或是眼内情况稳定性均良好,无严重并发症,手术方式安全稳定。应用前节OCT观察术后ICL位置、前房深度及房角情况简易方便,准确无创。测量简单方便且精准,可作为术后常规随访的测量方式。     

亚急性甲状腺炎超声特征与中医证型相关性评价

目的:探讨亚急性甲状腺炎超声特征与中医证型的相关性。方法:将甲状腺穿刺活检确诊为亚急性甲状腺炎的65例患者纳入研究,对患者实施中医辨证和超声(超声弹性成像)检查,观察不同中医证型患者的超声表现,并对患者的超声检查图像进行分级,比较不同超声分级患者的中医证型。结果:中医证型以风热痰凝证为主,风热痰凝证与肝郁气虚证比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.680,P=0.031)。风热痰凝证与气阴两虚兼痰凝证比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.613,P=0.003)。患者主要超声表现包括甲状腺肿大、片状低回声区、低回声区周围有丰富血流信号、甲状腺上动脉峰值流速>40 cm/s。风热痰凝证各超声表现与气阴两虚兼痰凝证比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);风热痰凝证甲状腺肿大、片状低回声区与肝郁气虚证比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。风热痰凝证各超声表现(除甲状腺肿大外)与气阴两虚兼痰凝证比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。超声弹性成像分级Ⅱ级构成比与0级比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=15.577,P=0.000);Ⅱ级构成比与Ⅰ级比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.969,P=0.015);Ⅱ级构成比与Ⅲ级比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.851,P=0.174);Ⅱ级构成比与Ⅳ级比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.459,P=0.117)。不同超声弹性成像分级中医证型分布情况比较,0级:风热痰凝证与肝郁气虚证比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.800,P=0.028);Ⅱ级:风热痰凝证与肝郁气虚证、气阴两虚兼痰凝证比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.765,6.017,P=0.005,0.014);Ⅳ级:风热痰凝证与肝郁气虚证、气阴两虚兼痰凝证比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.337,5.250,P=0.007,0.022);其他证型两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论:亚急性甲状腺炎患者的超声特征与中医证型存在密切联系,不同中医证型患者的超声表现存在明显差异,不同超声弹性成像分级患者的中医证型分布也存在明显差异,而超声弹性成像分级更高。     

实时超声弹性成像在诊断慢性乙肝肝纤维化程度中的应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨实时超声弹性成像在诊断慢性乙肝肝纤维化程度中的应用价值。方法 以2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者146例为研究对象。分别行肝脏穿刺检查及实时组织弹性成像（RTE）检查，然后进行病理分期，并记录相应的应变均值（MEAN）、标准偏差（SD）、蓝色区域面积比（%AREA）、复杂度（COMP）、峰度（KURT）、偏度（SKEW）、对比度（CONT）、均等性（ENT）、杂乱度（IDM）、一致性（ASM）、相关性（CORR），并计算得出肝纤维化指数（LFI）值。结果 与S0、S1、S2期比较，S4期MEAN显著降低（P＜0.05）；与S0、S1、S2、S3期比较，S4期%AREA、COMP显著升高（P＜0.05）；与S0、S1、S2期比较，S4期SKEW、LFI显著升高（P＜0.05）；与S0期比较，S3期LFI显著升高（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关分析结果示，MEAN、ENT与肝纤维化分期呈负相关（P＜0.05）。SD、%AREA、COMP、SKEW、IDM、ASM、LFI与肝纤维化分期呈正相关（P＜0.05）。RTE参数MEAN、%AREA、COMP、SKEW、IDM、LFI诊断肝纤维化程度的ROC曲线下面积均在0.7~0.9。当MEAN、%AREA、COMP、SKEW、IDM、LFI 6个参数的截断值分别取10029、3014、2752、042、012、281时，诊断肝纤维化程度的准确性和特异性均在70%以上。〖HT5"H〗结论〖HTK〗〓实时组织弹性成像与慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化分期具有较高的相关性，其中与肝纤维化指数的相关系数最大，其在慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的诊断和评估中具有重要应用价值。