Complications after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background/purposeColectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The rates of postoperative complications are not well established in children. The objective of this systematic review is to establish benchmark data for morbidity after pediatric IPAA.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies of colectomy with IPAA in patients ≤ 21 years old. UC studies were limited to the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents era (1998–present). All postoperative complications were extracted.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria (763 patients). Compared to patients with FAP, UC patients had a higher prevalence of pouch loss (10.6% vs. 1.5%). Other major complications such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and fistula were uncommon (mean prevalence 4.9%, 4.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, for patients with UC; 8.7%, 4.2%, and 4.3% for FAP). The most frequent complication was pouchitis (36.4% of UC patients).ConclusionsDevastating complications from colectomy and IPAA are rare, but patients with UC have poorer outcomes than those with FAP. Much of the morbidity may therefore stem from patient or disease factors. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks in patients with UC undergoing IPAA.Level of evidencePrognostic, level II.     

Endoscopic therapy for pouch problems: Can we avoid surgery?

While restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis significantly improves patients’ quality of life, the reconstructive surgery is often associated with various structural, inflammatory, and functional disorders. Those disorders have been traditionally managed with surgery. However, the past two decades have witnessed a growing role of endoscopic management of strictures, prolapse, anastomotic leaks, sinuses, fistulae, and polyps. The main advantages of endoscopic therapy are its less invasiveness in nature and better tolerance over surgery. Endoscopic sinusotomy is at least as effective as surgical pouch redo for a majority of pouch presacral sinuses, while carrying a lower risk for procedure-associated complications.     

Implications of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma variant on prognosis following radical cystectomy: A multi-institutional investigation

Purpose

To determine the association of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MUC) variant histology with bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy.

直肠指检和导尿术对前列腺特异性抗原检测结果的影响

目的 探讨直肠指检(DRE)、导尿术(UC)等相关因素对前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测结果的影响.方法 将60例健康者分为DRE组和UC组,每组30例.采用对比分析的方法分别观察DRE和UC前后血清PAS检测值的变化情况.结果 DRE前PSA(FPSA)和后PSA(TPSA)平均值为(1.05±0.10、2.82±0.97)ng/ml,DRE后第1、3、7天分别为(1.07±0.15、3.50±1.95)、(1.03±0.06、2.97±1.66)、(1.02±0.07、3.25±1.71)ng/ml;DRE组FPSA无显著升高,TPSA有所升高,于24h达最大值,其次为第7、3天.经统计学分析,DRE前后各组间PSA值均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).UC的FPSA和TPSA平均值为(1.00±0.02、2.01±0.50)ng/m1,UC后第1、3、7天分别为(1.15±0.82、2.37±1.96)、(1.02±0.07、2.16±0.52)、(1.02±0.09、2.09±0.60)ng/ml;UC组FPSA术后24h有所升高,TPSA术后24h达最高值,之后逐渐降低,经统计学分析,UC前后各组间PSA值均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 正常血清PSA检测结果不受DRE和UC等因素的影响.     

泄浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-10及结肠黏膜CD14的影响

目的:通过动物实验证实泄浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠治疗有效,并探讨其可能作用机制。方法:将40只实验大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、柳氮磺吡啶组、中药高、低剂量组5组,除空白组外,其余4组均采用TNBS/乙醇联合造模法制造UC模型。分组灌胃治疗14 d后,分别检测大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-10、结肠黏膜CD14含量。结果:模型组较空白组IL-1β、CD14表达明显升高,IL-10表达明显下降,差异有显著性(P0.05);中药高、低剂量组、柳氮磺吡啶组较模型组IL-1β、CD14表达明显下降,IL-10表达明显升高,差异有显著性(P0.05);中药高剂量组较柳氮磺吡啶组、中药低剂量组IL-1β、CD14表达明显下降,IL-10表达明显升高,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:泄浊解毒方干预UC大鼠可降低血清IL-1β、升高血清IL-10、下调结肠黏膜CD14表达,这可能是其作用机制之一。     

安阿玥治疗溃疡性结肠炎经验

安阿玥教授认为先天禀赋异常为溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)发生的重要前提,忧、思、郁、怒等不良情志刺激为其诱因,嗜食生冷、肥甘厚味、饮食不洁致湿热疫毒之邪内侵肠道为发病最直接原因,三者常相兼为患。安阿玥教授诊断用药强调中西医并重,二者互补短长,治疗用药方面,UC初起或急性期辨证为湿热交阻、气血壅滞证,主张以清热化湿,行气和血为主;病程日久辨证为寒热错杂、脾虚湿困证,以调补脾胃为主,辅以清热化湿,寒温并用、补泻兼施,寒温并用以和其阴阳,辛苦并进以调其升降,补泻兼施以顾其虚实;起病迅速病情危重的患者局部应用康复新液灌肠治疗。     

健脾疏肝汤结合物理疗法治疗溃疡性结肠炎44例

目的:观察健脾疏肝汤结合物理疗法治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年1—12月本院治疗的溃疡性结肠炎患者88例,随机分为观察组和治疗组,每组44例。对照组给予健脾疏肝汤治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予物理疗法治疗。结果:观察组腹痛评分、便血评分、腹泻评分、肠镜下结肠黏膜病变评分均优于对照组(P0.05);观察组有效率97.73%,对照组有效率84.09%,观察组优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:健脾疏肝汤结合物理疗法治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效显著。