School physical activity policies and associations with physical activity practices and behaviours: A systematic review of the literature

The development and implementation of school policies is considered a key strategy for the promotion of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise existing literature focusing on the associations between formal written school-based PA policies and (a) school PA practices and (b) PA behaviours of school-aged children and adolescents. Fifty-one papers reporting on 52 studies met the eligibility criteria. All but two studies were from high income countries, most used cross-sectional designs and demonstrated fair methodological quality, and just over a third examined language aspects of policies. Findings predominantly indicated a lack of or inconclusive associations between the various characteristics examined and PA outcomes. Inconclusive associations were identified between both PA practice and behaviour outcomes and state level policies, policies focusing on PE and school-day PA, and in studies examining language aspects of policies. Inconclusive associations with both types of outcomes were more likely to be identified compared to a lack of associations in studies using self-report measures and in studies not providing information about the quality of exposure and outcome measures used. Overall, findings highlight the need for further research that acknowledges the complex relationship between school policies and PA outcomes and employs robust methodological approaches to enhance our understanding of this area.     

《中医药法》持有人传承使用权的若干问题探讨

《中医药法》明确规定了持有人的传承使用权,但该法并未对持有人范围以及持有人所享有的传承使用权属性进行规定。文章通过对持有人的概念进行分析,阐述持有人与传承人关系,确定持有人范畴,并进而论述传承使用权的私权属性,克服中医药传统知识单一公权力保护传承存在的制度缺陷。     

The effects of body armour on mobility and postural control of police officers

BackgroundPolice officer use of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAVs) is increasing due to potential occupational hazards that include blunt trauma, stabbing, and light calibre bullets. It is unclear how addition of this extra load will affect the officer's mobility or postural control.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of various ILAVs on the mobility and postural control of police officers when compared to wearing their normal station wear.MethodsA prospective, within-subjects, repeated measures study was conducted in which officers wore one of three different ILAV variants or normal station wear (N) and acted as their own controls. Officer mobility was assessed via the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and postural sway (including total sway, average sway velocity, medial-lateral velocity, anterior-posterior velocity, and total excursion area) via force plate.ResultsSignificant differences were found between ILAV or N conditions in various components of the FMS, including right Straight Leg Raise, left shoulder mobility, and both right and left quad rotary stability. No significant differences were found in any of the balance measures between these conditions.ConclusionIt appears ILAVs can significantly affect police officer mobility and therefore may contribute to injury risk and decreased ability to complete occupational tasks, though this should be weighed against protective benefits. ILAVs should therefore be carefully selected to minimise injury risk without detracting from occupational performance.     

口腔医疗机构应对国家突发公共卫生事件的问题与思考

突发公共卫生事件应急管理是一个全球性的课题。本文就2019年12月以来发生在中国的新型冠状病毒肺炎这一突发公共卫生事件,口腔医疗机构及其从业人员面临的相关问题进行法律层面的分析与思考,以期对口腔医疗行业应对突发公共卫生事件提供帮助和指导。     

The effect of malpractice law on physician supply: Evidence from negligence-standard reforms

We explore whether the composition of the physician workforce is impacted by the clinical standards imposed on physicians under medical liability rules. Specifically, we explore whether the proportion of non-surgeons practicing in a region decreases—and thus whether the proportion of surgeons increases—when liability standards are modified so as to expect that physicians practice more intensively. For these purposes, we draw on a quasi-experiment made possible by states shifting from local to national customs as the basis for setting liability standards. Using data from the Area Health Resource File from 1977 to 2005, we find that the rate of non-surgeons among practicing physicians decreases by 2–2.4 log points (or by 1.4–1.7 percentage points) following the adoption of national-standard laws in initially low surgery-rate regions—i.e., following a change in the law that effectively expects physicians to increase their use of surgical approaches.     

《传染病防治法》医疗救治法律制度之完善

现行《传染病防治法》中的医疗救治制度为防控传染病提供了基本法律保障。但此次新冠肺炎疫情的大规模扩散,也充分暴露出传染病医疗救治法律制度在设计及运行中存在的短板和不足:救治网络不健全、应对突发重大疫情能力不足、体系建设主体缺位、人力和物资储备供给机制不完善、医患权利和义务不清、医疗费用保障不明确。为此,需对《传染病防治法》中的医疗救治法律制度进行补充完善。作者从传染病救治网络建设、物资及经费保障、人力调配与保障、医患法律关系及权益保护等方面提出完善建议,以期为及时调整医疗救治制度提供参考。