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1.
BackgroundUnderstanding how vegetables are incorporated into the diet, especially in the types and amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and how this alters dietary intake patterns is vital for developing targeted behavior change interventions.ObjectiveTo determine how a provision of vegetables was incorporated into the diet of adults with overweight and obesity; whether or not the provided vegetables displaced other foods; and what, if any, effect this had on diet quality and body weight and composition.DesignThis study investigated secondary outcomes from the Motivating Value of Vegetables Study, a community-based, randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group using a one to one allocation ratio.Participants/settingMen and women with self-reported low vegetable consumption, aged 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, between October 2015 and September 2017. Only participants randomized to the provided vegetable intervention group (n = 51; attrition = 8%) were included in this secondary analysis.InterventionDietary Guidelines for Americans recommended types and amounts of vegetables were provided weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresHow the provided vegetables were incorporated into the diet was measured using daily self-report and 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Body weight and composition were measured before and after the intervention.Statistical analyses performedData were assessed using generalized linear mixed models where phase (pre, post) was the within-subject factor and subject was the random effect.ResultsParticipants self-reported using 29% of the provided vegetables as substitutes for other foods. With the increase in vegetable consumption, there were decreases in total grains (mean difference ± standard deviation; –0.97 ± 3.23 oz-equivalents; P = 0.02), protein foods (–1.24 ± 3.86 oz-equivalents; P = 0.01), saturated fats (–6.44 ± 19.63 g; P = 0.02), and added sugars (–2.44 ± 6.78 tsp-equivalents; P = 0.02) consumed. Total Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores increased (+4.48 ± 9.63; P = 0.001) and dietary energy density decreased (–0.44 ± 0.52 kcal/g; P < 0.0001). There was no change in total energy intake or body weight and composition.ConclusionsIncreasing vegetable consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations alters dietary intake patterns, improving diet quality and energy density. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing how individuals incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations into their diet.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesThis document presents the fundamentals of speech audiometry in noise, general requirements for implementation and criteria for choice among the tests available in French according to the health-professional's needs.Material and methodsThe recommendations are based on a systematic analysis of the literature carried out by a multidisciplinary group of doctors, audiologists and audioprosthetists from all over France. They are graded A, B, C or expert opinion according to decreasing level of scientific evidence.ResultsEight tests of speech audiometry in noise can be used in France.ConclusionTo be complete, evaluation of hearing status requires testing understanding of speech in noise. The examination must begin with a minimum of two measurements familiarizing the subject with the test procedure. For initial diagnosis, adaptive procedures establishing the 50% speech reception threshold (SRT50) in noise are to be preferred in order to obtain a rapid and standardized measurement of perception of speech in noise. When the aim is to measure real-life speech comprehension, tests based on sentences, cocktail-party noise and free-field stimulation are to be preferred. Prosthetic gain is evaluated exclusively in free field. This is the only way to evaluate the contribution of binaurality and to measure perception in noise in an environment as close as possible to real life. In order to avoid acoustic interference in free field, at least five loudspeakers should be used, in particular for evaluating the effectiveness of directional microphones, CROS devices enabling sounds picked up in the damaged ear to be rerouted to the functional ear, or bimodal fitting (i.e., when hearing is enabled by two modalities: for example, hearing aid for one ear, cochlear implant for the other).  相似文献   
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《Vaccine》2022,40(44):6431-6444
This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of thrombosis and thromboembolism to be used in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization, and for epidemiologic studies for the assessment of background incidence or hypothesis testing. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected expert reviewers prior to submission.  相似文献   
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AimThis clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.StructureChest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.  相似文献   
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目的: 基于心脏手术患者血液管理指南,分析术后出血的用药相关性,探索药学服务切入点。方法: 回顾性筛选2021年11月1日至30日于阜外华中心血管病医院儿童心脏中心行先心手术、术后24 h内出血较多需要异体输血的病例。计算机检索中英文文献数据库及常用的指南收录数据库,筛选心脏手术患者血液管理相关指南,运用AGREE Ⅱ工具评价指南质量,查询药物使用指导意见,逐个分析筛选病例术后出血的可能原因。结果: 筛选出先心术后出血病例25例。纳入5篇涉及心脏手术患者血液管理的指南,经AGREE Ⅱ工具评价,A级推荐指南1篇,B级推荐指南4篇。分析术后出血原因,发现9例术前贫血未得到纠正;22例术中未使用抗纤溶剂;23例术中使用肝素剂量>400 U·kg-1;22例术中鱼精蛋白与肝素的剂量比>1∶1。结论: 外科医师和麻醉师对先心患儿围术期的血液管理策略与指南建议不太一致,药师应进一步提高医师对指南的依从性。  相似文献   
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垂体腺瘤(PA)通常引起性腺轴的损害,导致女性患者的生育能力下降。妊娠可使垂体增大,而性腺轴的激素分泌也随之发生相应改变。因此,对患有PA的妊娠妇女的规范化管理显得尤为重要。2021年8月,欧洲内分泌学会(ESE)发布了关于妊娠期功能性和无功能性PA的临床指南,该指南从腺瘤的大小、位置和有无内分泌功能方面,描述了从妊娠前到分娩后诊断、治疗的时机和选择。本文在ESE指南的基础上,对该指南进行了解读,总结了该指南的要点,以期结合中国的临床经验及患者特点,为临床医师管理此类患者提供具有实践意义的指导意见。  相似文献   
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IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the worldwide closure of dental practices or reduction of dental services. By the end of April 2020, governments and professional organisations were publishing recommendations or guidance for the reopening/restructuring of dental services. The aim of this study was to assess how dental aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were defined in international dental guidelines, what mitigation processes were advised, and whether they were linked to COVID-19 epidemiology.MethodsElectronic searches of a broad range of databases, along with grey literature searches, without language restriction were conducted up to 13 July 2020. Recommendations for the use of face masks and fallow times with patients without COVID-19 were assessed against the deaths per 1 million population in the included countries and country income level using Pearson Chi-squared statistics.ResultsSixty-three guidance documents were included. Most (98%) indicated that AGPs can be performed with patients without COVID-19 with caveats, including advice to restrict AGPs where possible, with 21% only recommending AGPs for dental emergencies. Face masks were recommended by most documents (94%), with 91% also specifying the use of goggles or face shields. Fallow periods for patients without COVID-19 were mentioned in 48% of documents, ranging from 2 to 180 minutes. There were no significant differences in recommendations for face masks or fallow time in patients without COVID-19 by country death rate (P = .463 and P = .901) or World Bank status (P = .504 and P = .835). Most documents recommended procedural or environmental mitigations such as preprocedural mouthwash (82%) and general ventilation (52%). Few documents provided underpinning evidence for their recommendations.ConclusionsWhile the amount of high-quality direct evidence related to dentistry and COVID-19 remains limited, it is important to be explicit about the considered judgements for recommendations as well as generate new evidence to face this challenge.  相似文献   
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目的 评价康复临床实践指南的报告质量。方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、CNKI、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和万方等数据库以及指南相关网站的康复临床实践指南,检索时限均为2017年1月1日至2020年1月11日。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献并交叉核对,基于RIGHT清单对康复领域指南进行报告质量研究。结果 最终纳入16篇指南,平均报告率为(44.8±27.9)%。其中指南在领域一基本信息方面(57.3%)报告率最高,领域三证据(31.3%)和领域七其他方面(31.3%)报告率最低。国内发表的指南平均报告率低于国外(OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.56~1.16),初始版的指南平均报告率低于更新版(OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.54~1.16),由学会/协会制订的指南平均报告率高于非学会/协会制订的指南(OR = 1.15, 95%CI 0.82~1.61),但均无显著性差异。结论 国内外康复临床实践指南的报告质量整体有待提高。建议未来康复指南制订者严格按照RIGHT标准规范化撰写指南内容,充分报告指南关键信息和内容,提升康复指南报告的有效性。  相似文献   
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陈凯 《中国全科医学》2020,23(16):1977-1981
高血压是脑卒中、心脏病、慢性肾衰竭等疾病的主要危险因素,高血压的及时治疗和综合管理具有重要意义。2019年8月英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)发布了成人高血压诊断和管理指南,这是距2004年NICE高血压诊断和管理指南发布后的第3次更新,既沿用了以往的一些理念,又补充了许多新的内容,新版高血压管理指南在血压测量、高血压诊断、心血管风险、靶器官损害评估、降压治疗、血压监测及哪些患者需要专科医生诊治等方面均进行了全面而详细的阐述,尤其在高血压药物治疗的启动时机、治疗方案的选择及综合管理的治疗理念方面,值得临床医生借鉴与学习。  相似文献   
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