服用氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛患者的血小板最大聚集率差异研究

摘 要 目的：研究经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）后服用氯吡格雷的患者与服用替格瑞洛的患者血小板最大聚集率（MAR）的差异和出血情况,为临床使用抗血小板药物提供参考。方法: 选取因急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)入院行PCI后服用氯吡格雷或者替格瑞洛的患者,在出院前对其MAR值进行检测,随访3个月内出血事件的发生情况,并比较两组患者MAR值以及随访结果的差异。结果: 服用氯吡格雷的患者出院时MAR为（51.1±13.7）%（n=76）,服用替格瑞洛的患者MAR为（32.6±15.7）%（n=76）,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。随访结果显示氯吡格雷组出血事件低于替格瑞洛组（P<0.05）。结论: 服用替格瑞洛的患者出院后出血的倾向可能比服用氯吡格雷的患者更大。     

Impact of point-of-care testing for CYP2C19 on platelet inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndrome and early dual antiplatelet therapy in the emergency setting

Aims

Only limited data exist about the role of point of care CYP2C19 testing in the acute setting in the early phase of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the impact of CYP2C19 loss-of–function point-of-care (POC) genotyping in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and treated with dual antiplatelet therapy in the emergency setting.

Methods and Results

137 subjects with ACS scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention were consecutively enrolled. Pre- and on-treatment platelet aggregation was assessed by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) after stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Patients were loaded according to current guideline adherent indications and contraindications for use of P2Y₁₂ inhibitors in ACS. POC genotyping for CYP2C19*2 was performed in the emergency room after obtaining a buccal swab using the Spartan RX CYP2C19 system and obtaining patient’s informed consent. Prasugrel and ticagrelor treated patients had significantly lower PR compared to clopidogrel-treated patients. The benefits of prasugrel and ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel treated patients in terms of platelet inhibition were more pronounced in CYP2C19*2 carriers. Non-carriers showed similar inhibition regardless of particular P2Y₁₂ inhibitor treatment. Statistical analyses adjusting for factors associated with response (e.g. smoking) revealed that CYP2C19*2 allele carrier status and loading with different type of P2Y12 receptor blockers were significant predictors of on-treatment platelet reactivity in the early phase of ACS.

Conclusion

The results of this pilot study of treatment of patients in the early phase of ACS indicate that CYP2C19*2 POC genotyping might help to identify patients at risk with poor response to clopidogrel treatment, thereby benefiting from reloading and switching to alternative P2Y₁₂ receptor inhibition.     

替格瑞洛对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血小板聚集的影响

目的比较替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血小板聚集的影响。方法 81例ACS患者被随机分为替格瑞洛组(A组,41例)和氯吡格雷组(B组,40例),比较两组服药前和服药后1、2、4、8、24h及治疗第7天的血小板最大聚集率(PMAR)、血小板聚集抑制率(IPA)及出血事件。结果两组服药前PMAR水平相近(P>0.05)。A组患者服药期间的PMAR均低于B组(P<0.01),IPA及IPA≥50%的患者比例均高于B组(P<0.01)。B组服药后2h的IPA低于服药后8h(P<0.01),而A组两个时间段IPA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均只有轻微出血事件。结论在ACS患者,替格瑞洛较氯吡格雷更能有效地抑制血小板聚集;两药短期的安全性相仿。     

Therapeutic experience of ticagrelor in Indian patients with acute coronary syndrome: A non-interventional,prospective, and observational study

ObjectiveThis observational study was designed to understand the usage pattern of ticagrelor in real-life clinical practice among a large number of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or medical management (MM). The study also recorded clinical events, i.e., bleeding, dyspnea, and cardiovascular (CV) events, reported by the investigator during the follow-up period.MethodsThe ACS patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized for ACS and were prescribed ticagrelor upon discharge or ≤1 month and patients who underwent PCI, CABG, or MM for ACS were enrolled. The subjects were followed up for a period of up to 12 months. The data were collected on a case report form.ResultThe study recruited 2997 subjects from 49 sites in India. Approximately half of the ACS subjects had ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (48.9%), and PCI was used as management in 92.4% subjects. The mean (±SD) duration of use of ticagrelor was 314 (±110.2) days over a period of 12 months. Of 136 subjects (4.5%) who experienced any clinical events, CV deaths were reported in 20 (0.7%), myocardial infraction in 19 (0.6) subjects and ischemic stroke in 23 (0.8%) subjects, and severe dyspnea was reported in 68 (2.2%) subjects. Out of 33 bleeding cases, 25 (0.8%) subjects had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) minimal, seven (0.2%) had TIMI minor, and one TIMI major. Platelet inhibition and patient outcomes (PLATO) major was reported in two subjects and CABG bleed in one subject. The incidence of PLATO defined major and minimal bleeding were lower in subjects undergoing fibrinolysis than overall population.ConclusionTicagrelor has been used across ACS types and in different management strategies in real world settings in India. The incidence of clinical events was lower as compared with data in literature. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02408224     

替格瑞洛对比氯吡格雷治疗东亚ACS患者有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统性评价替格瑞洛对比氯吡格雷治疗东亚急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的有效性和安全性,旨在为临床用药提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库等,收集替格瑞洛(试验组)对比氯吡格雷(对照组)治疗东亚ACS患者的随机对照试验(RCT)。筛选文献、提取数据后采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入5项RCT,共计4511例患者。Meta分析结果显示,两组患者主要心血管不良事件发生率[OR=0.85,95%CI(0.68,1.04),P=0.12]、心血管原因死亡率[OR=0.76,95%CI(0.57,1.03),P=0.08]、脑卒中发生率[OR=0.77,95%CI(0.48,1.24),P=0.28]比较,差异均无统计学意义;试验组患者主要出血事件发生率[OR=1.54,95%CI(1.19,1.99),P=0.001]、次要出血事件发生率[OR=1.80,95%CI(1.40,2.32),P<0.00001]均显著高于对照组。结论:替格瑞洛在降低东亚ACS患者的主要心血管不良事件、心血管原因死亡以及脑卒中的发生风险等方面的作用与氯吡格雷相当,但该药会增加患者主要出血、次要出血事件的发生风险。     

替格瑞洛对急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后QT离散度及高敏C反应蛋白与可溶性CD40配体的影响

目的 探讨替格瑞洛对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后QT离散度(QTd)以及对炎性因子高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的影响.方法 抽取本院2017年1~12月接受PCI的ACS患者69例,随机分为对照组34例(口服氯吡格雷)、试验组35例(口服替格瑞洛),两组均使用阿司匹林行双联抗血小板聚集(DAPT)治疗1年.测量两组治疗前及术后24 h、1个月、1年QTd值以及静脉血hs-CRP、sCD40L值.术后6个月随访恶性心律失常的发生情况.结果 术后24 h,试验组QTd值及hs-CRP、sCD40L水平均低于对照组[(42.66±4.32)比(46.61±4.86),(3.73±0.39)mg/L比(4.06±0.42)mg/L,(593.94±61.69)ng/ml比(640.35±66.21)ng/ml](P<0.05);术后1个月,试验组QTd值及hs-CRP、sCD40L水平均低于对照组[(37.86±3.89)比(41.00±4.32),(1.87±0.21)mg/L比(2.03±0.22)mg/L,(417.20±43.21)ng/ml比(457.15±48.25)ng/ml](P<0.05);术后1年,试验组QTd值及hs-CRP、sCD40L水平均低于对照组[(32.19±3.35)比(37.36±3.81),(1.41±0.16)mg/L比(1.69±0.18)mg/L,(336.28±3.56)ng/ml比(387.96±3.91)ng/ml](P<0.05).术后6个月内,试验组恶性心律失常发生率(22.9%)小于对照组(47.1%)(P<0.05).结论 ACS患者PCI围术期应用替格瑞洛能显著缩短QTd,降低炎性因子hs-CRP、sCD40L水平,降低恶性心律失常发生率,显著改善预后.     

阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷对急性冠状动脉综合征患者高尿酸血症发生率影响的对比研究

目的 比较阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者高尿酸血症发生率的影响.方法 选取2018年2~12月在中国医科大学盛京医院心内科住院的ACS患者476例.根据经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者应用抗血小板方案不同分为阿司匹林100 mg/d联合氯吡格雷75 mg/d组243例,阿司匹林100 mg/d联合替格瑞洛90 mg/bid组233例;以两组患者术前血尿酸值为基础对照,观察两组患者用药7天、1个月、3个月、6个月时的血尿酸水平及高尿酸血症发生率.结果 两组患者在性别、年龄等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者用药前血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.238),用药1个月、3个月、6个月时,替格瑞洛组高尿酸血症发生率高于氯吡格雷组,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.623、20.367、14.018,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在调整了混杂因素后,口服替格瑞洛与口服氯吡格雷对ACS患者高尿酸血症发生率影响仍有差异(β=-1.139,SE=0.249,Waldχ2=20.903,OR=0.320,95%CI 0.196~0.522);重复测量设计分析显示两组患者的血尿酸水平随着用药时间变化的趋势不同,用药组别与用药时间之间存在交互作用(F=6.201,P<0.05).结论 替格瑞洛组较氯吡格雷组对ACS患者血尿酸水平影响更大,导致高尿酸血症发生率更高,在用药3个月时血尿酸水平达高峰,需要临床医师重视血尿酸管理,建议患者至少要在用药1个月及3个月时复查血尿酸水平,便于及时调整用药与早期干预.     

替格瑞洛对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效及安全性

目的探讨替格瑞洛对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析208例STEMI老年患者,根据用药不同分为替格瑞洛组103例和氯吡格雷组105例。两组患者均接受PCI治疗,术前均口服阿司匹林300 mg,继以100 mg/d,此外,替格瑞洛组口服替格瑞洛180 mg,继以每次90 mg,2次/d,氯吡格雷组口服氯吡格雷600 mg,继以75 mg/d,两组患者均治疗12个月。比较两组患者PCI术后冠状动脉血流情况,血小板聚集率,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD),出血事件以及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果替格瑞洛组患者PCI术后心肌梗死的溶栓治疗(TIMI)分级优于氯吡格雷组患者(Z=2.58,P=0.010),无复流或慢血流发生率低于氯吡格雷组患者的6.8%(7/103)与19.1%(20/105),χ^2=6.91,P=0.009。重复资料方差分析结果显示,两组患者血小板聚集率均随时间降低(F时间=87.54,P<0.001)。替格瑞洛组患者血小板聚集率下降幅度高于氯吡格雷组(F时间×组间=6.16,P<0.001)。替格瑞洛组患者血小板聚集率整体水平低于氯吡格雷组患者(F组间=17.84,P<0.001)。各时间点组间比较,替格瑞洛组患者血小板聚集率在术后1 h、1 d和3 d低于氯吡格雷组(t分别为14.39,13.19,6.53,P均<0.001)。两组患者PCI术后LVEF均升高(t分别为7.46,4.33,P均<0.001),组间比较,替格瑞洛组患者LVEF高于氯吡格雷组(t=4.28,P<0.001);两组患者PCI术后LVEDD均下降(t=9.36,6.47,P均<0.001),组间比较,替格瑞洛组患者LVEF低于氯吡格雷组(t=4.38,P<0.001)。两组患者出血和MACE发生率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.91,2.32,均P>0.05)。结论替格瑞洛在PCI术治疗老年STEMI中,抗血小板聚集效果好,能够降低无复流或慢血流发生率,改善患者心功能。     

Homocysteine levels and platelet reactivity in coronary artery disease patients treated with ticagrelor

Background and aimRecurrent atherothrombotic events have been reported in certain higher risk subsets of patients even with ticagrelor, a potent first-line antiplatelet agent for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Hyperhomocysteinemia is a known determinant of platelet function abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of homocysteine (Hcy) levels on platelet reactivity in patients receiving Ticagrelor.Methods and resultsPatients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization and on dual antiplatelet therapy with ASA + Ticagrelor (90mg/twice a day) were scheduled for platelet function assessment 30–90 days post-discharge. Aggregation tests were performed by Multiple Electrode Aggregometry (MEA). Suboptimal platelet inhibition HRPR-high residual platelet reactivity was defined if above the lower limit of normality (417 AU*min).We included 432 patients, divided according to Hcy tertiles. Higher Hcy levels were associated with age, renal failure, creatinine levels and use diuretics (p < 0.001).Patients with higher Hcy levels displayed a higher platelet reactivity at COL test (p = 0.002), and ADP test (p = 0.04), with a linear relationship between Hcy and platelet aggregation after stimulation with collagen (r = 0.202, p < 0.001), thrombin receptor peptide (r = 0.104, p = 0.05) and ADP (r = 0.145, p = 0.006).However, Hcy levels did not significantly affect the rate of HRPR with Ticagrelor (9.9% vs 13.7% vs 10.7%, p = 0.89; adjusted OR [95% CI] = [0.616–1.51], p = 0.99).ConclusionsAmong patients with ACS, despite the elevated platelet reactivity associated to hyperhomocysteinemia, DAPT with ticagrelor could overcome such phenomenon, achieving an adequate platelet inhibition in the majority of the patients.     

替格瑞洛、氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后血小板聚集率、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛、氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后血小板聚集率、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取本院心血管内科收治的124例ACS患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组（n=62）和对照组（n =62）,观察组给予替格瑞洛治疗,对照组给予氯吡格雷治疗,观察比较两组患者治疗前后小板聚集率、血流动力学指标、免疫功能指标变化情况和出血情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者血小板聚集率（PAV）均低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者全血黏度（BV）、血浆粘度（PV）均低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,观察组明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而收缩期血流速度峰值（SPV）,舒张期血流速度峰值（DPV）,冠脉血流储备（CFVR）均高于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者CD3+、CD4+水平均高于治疗前（P＜0.05）,观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,而CD8+水平低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者总出血事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:替格瑞洛能有效抑制ACS患者PCI术后血小板凝集,改善血流动力学和免疫功能,安全性高。