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1.
Approximately 10%-20% of the cases of acute pancreatitis have acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The infection of pancreatic necrosis is typically associated with a prolonged course and poor prognosis. The multidisciplinary, minimally invasive “step-up” approach is the cornerstone of the management of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Endosonography-guided transmural drainage and debridement is the preferred and minimally invasive technique for those with IPN. However, it is technically not feasible in patients with early pancreatic/peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) (< 2-4 wk) where the wall has not formed; in PFC in paracolic gutters/pelvis; or in walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) distant from the stomach/duodenum. Percutaneous drainage of these infected PFC or WOPN provides rapid infection control and patient stabilization. In a subset of patients where sepsis persists and necrosectomy is needed, the sinus drain tract between WOPN and skin-established after percutaneous drainage or surgical necrosectomy drain, can be used for percutaneous direct endoscopic necrosectomy (PDEN). There have been technical advances in PDEN over the last two decades. An esophageal fully covered self-expandable metal stent, like the lumen-apposing metal stent used in transmural direct endoscopic necrosectomy, keeps the drainage tract patent and allows easy and multiple passes of the flexible endoscope while performing PDEN. There are several advantages to the PDEN procedure. In expert hands, PDEN appears to be an effective, safe, and minimally invasive adjunct to the management of IPN and may particularly be considered when a conventional drain is in situ by virtue of previous percutaneous or surgical intervention. In this current review, we summarize the indications, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of PDEN. In addition, we describe two cases of PDEN in distinct clinical situations, followed by a review of the most recent literature.  相似文献   
2.
《Vaccine》2022,40(19):2679-2695
Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.  相似文献   
3.
 目的 探讨过氧乙酸和环氧乙烷两种不同方法对胰腺包裹性坏死(WON)并多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术内镜的灭菌效果。方法 选取江西省某三级甲等医院WON并MDRO感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术患者使用带副送水功能的内镜,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组:A组采用过氧乙酸浸泡灭菌,B组采用环氧乙烷低温灭菌。滤膜法采集内镜的钳子管道、送气/送水管道和副送水管道3个位点标本进行微生物培养,比较两组内镜灭菌合格率、菌落数和检出MDRO情况。结果 共采集78条副送水内镜,A组和B组各39条,共234份标本,A组和B组内镜灭菌合格率分别为61.54%、100%。A组钳子管道灭菌合格率为82.05%,送气/送水管道灭菌合格率为89.74%, 副送水管道灭菌合格率为74.36%,B组3个位点灭菌合格率均为100%。A组钳子管道、送气/送水管道和副送水管道菌落总数范围分别为0~6、0~112、0~23 CFU,分离MDRO 36株,以多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌为主。将A组15条不合格的内镜转为环氧乙烷低温灭菌后,微生物学监测合格率达100%。结论 对于WON并MDRO感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术的内镜,环氧乙烷低温灭菌方法更有效。对内镜的微生物学监测不能仅局限于钳子管道的监测,带副送水功能的内镜需监测副送水管道,以降低感染风险。  相似文献   
4.
《Journal of endodontics》2022,48(2):208-212.e3
IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex multisystemic disorder that affects an estimated 21 million Americans. No studies have evaluated the association of DM with the prevalence of each pulpal diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of each pulp diagnosis including symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis, reversible pulpitis, normal pulp, and pulp necrosis (PN) in DM patients against a nondiabetic control group.MethodsA retrospective chart review was approved by Rutgers University Institutional Review Board. The prevalence of the diagnoses SIP, asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis, reversible pulpitis, normal pulp, and PN was calculated from AxiUm (Exan software, Las Vegas, NV) electronic health records at Rutgers School of Dental Medicine. The chi-square test was used to see the relationship between the 2 categoric variables. Second, binary logistic regression analyses were performed for each group.ResultsA total of 2979 teeth were diagnosed with a pulp condition between April 2013 and November 2018. The total tooth number of DM patients was 682, whereas the tooth number of nondiabetic patients was 2297. In the subgroup of patients younger than 40 years old, SIP was notably more prevalent in DM patients. In addition, the prevalence of PN in elderly DM patients (60–69 years old) was significantly higher than in the control group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SIP in DM patients was significantly higher compared with the control group (<40 years old), suggesting the possibility that DM could hypersensitize the subgroup of patients younger than 40 years old to pulpitis pain.  相似文献   
5.
背景 在老龄化背景下,缺血性中风发病呈年轻化、患病率呈逐年上升的趋势,而失眠是该病常见的并发症之一。 目的 探究经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷治疗缺血性中风后失眠的效果及其对血清白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。 方法 选取2020年5月至2021年5月在广东药科大学附属第一医院门诊就诊或住院的缺血性中风后失眠患者80例,采用完全随机分组方法将其分为中医治疗组、西药治疗组,各40例。中医治疗组采用经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷治疗,西药治疗组采用艾司唑仑治疗,均治疗2个疗程(10次为1个疗程)。比较两组治疗前、治疗1个疗程、治疗2个疗程匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)总分及各维度(睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和日间功能障碍)评分、阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分、血清IL-6与TNF-α水平,治疗后临床疗效。 结果 研究过程中中医治疗组脱落1例、西药治疗组脱落2例,最终中医治疗组39例、西药治疗组38例纳入研究。组别与时间对PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分存在交互作用,组别及时间对PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分主效应显著(P<0.05)。治疗1、2个疗程,两组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗2个疗程,两组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于治疗1个疗程(P<0.05)。治疗1、2个疗程中医治疗组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于西药治疗组(P<0.05)。组别与时间对血清IL-6、TNF-α水平存在交互作用,组别及时间对血清IL-6、TNF-α水平主效应显著(P<0.05)。治疗1、2个疗程,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗2个疗程,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于组内治疗1个疗程(P<0.05)。中医治疗组患者治疗1、2个疗程血清IL-6、TNF-α水平低于西药治疗组P<0.05)。中医治疗组患者治疗后临床疗效优于西药治疗组(Z=2.234,P<0.05)。 结论 经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷可明显改善缺血性中风后失眠患者的睡眠质量,降低血清IL-6、TNF-α水平,提高临床疗效。  相似文献   
6.
目的 观察超声引导下关节腔内注射重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(益赛普)治疗血友病性关节病(HA)的价值。方法 回顾性分析32例接受超声引导下穿刺关节腔注射益赛普的HA患者,对比观察治疗前及治疗后1个月血友病关节健康评分(HJHS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及超声所示目标关节增生滑膜厚度、血流信号、Melchiorre及中国早期血友病性关节病超声检测(HEAD-US-C)评分,评估其治疗价值。结果 对32例均成功完成超声引导下穿刺关节腔及腔内注射益赛普,共对18例膝关节、7例肘关节及7例踝关节进行治疗。术后未出现感染、出血等并发症。治疗后1个月,目标关节HJHS、VAS、Melchiorre评分、HEAD-US-C评分及增生滑膜最大厚度、平均厚度、血流信号均低于治疗前(P均<0.01)。结论 超声引导下关节腔内注射益赛普治疗HA安全、有效。  相似文献   
7.
目的通过有限元分析,初步评估股骨头部分置换术后股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移。 方法选择一名成年健康志愿者,获取股骨全长CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 20.0软件、Geomagic软件及UG NX 12.0软件建立股骨头缺血坏死模型,骨隧道切除股骨头坏死区域后装配设计开发的股骨头假体,模拟单腿站立环境进行有限元仿真模拟,获取股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移数据。 结果股骨应力分布主要集中在股骨颈下方和股骨干皮质骨两侧,最大应力为48.25 Mpa,最大位移为10.98 mm。内植物模型的应力主要分布在金属内植物主体结构下方,最大应力为147.2 Mpa,最大位移为9.58 mm。 结论股骨头部分置换后,假体头与股骨头曲率一致,应力传导模式与正常侧髋关节一致,但在假体头与茎部连接处发生应力集中,应重点考虑选择更大强度的材料。  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨危重型急性胰腺炎(CAP)进一步分型的价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2021年2月中南大学湘雅医院胰腺外科收治的120例CAP病人的临床资料。根据CAP病人器官功能衰竭和感染性胰腺坏死是否同期发生,分为同时性CAP(69例)和异时性CAP(51例)两组,比较两组病人临床结局的差异。结果 全组病死率为42.5%(51/120),其中同时性CAP病死率为66.7%(46/69),高于异时性CAP组(9.8%,5/51),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与异时性CAP相比,同时性CAP病人多器官功能衰竭发生率更高、器官功能衰竭持续时间更长、术后出血发生率更高、ICU住院时间及总的住院时间明显延长(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,起病至IPN时间(OR=1.1,95%CI 1.0-1.2,P=0.010)、多器官功能衰竭(OR=8.3,95%CI 2.1-32.2,P=0.002)和同时性CAP(OR=9.4,95%CI 2.6-34.5,P=0.001)是CAP病人死亡的独立预后因素。结论 同时性CAP是早期器官功能衰竭进行的同时并发感染性胰腺坏死,预后极差。对CAP做进一步分型有助于指导对其预后判断和治疗方式的选择。  相似文献   
9.
《Clinical breast cancer》2022,22(6):507-514
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.  相似文献   
10.
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