Les répercussions psychiques du cancer chez l’adolescent et le jeune adulte – AJA – et la famille : revue de la littérature narrative

Adolescent and young adult cancer – AYA – enters a period of life during which a dynamic developmental process takes place, particularly with the existential issues of separation-individualization and empowerment at stake. The experience of cancer is in fact a major ordeal, a major upheaval not only for the young person but also for his entire family. This review of the narrative literature aims to take stock of current knowledge on the psychological repercussions of serious illness on the AYA and his family. After presenting results, we will propose recommendations for the clinic and avenues for future research.     

正常青少年膝关节软骨的低场MRI表现

目的：探讨正常青少年膝关节软骨的MRI表现。方法：使用GE 0．2T低场磁共振成像机，采用膝关节线圈，对膝关节行矢状面扫描，应用序列为梯度回波序列T2WI、自旋回波T1WI、自旋回波T2WI、脂肪抑制序列、质子密度序列。翻转角200。扫描野16cm。层厚4mm，间隔1mm。结果：膝关节矢状位MRI梯度回波序列T2WI。和质子密度序列中，股骨髁与胫骨平台的骺软骨MRI能显示出3层不同的信号强度。结论：MRI能准确地显示膝关节软骨的层次结构，为临床诊断膝关节疾病提供参考依据。     

多形式健康教育提高青少年性知识的效果观察

目的:探讨多形式健康教育提高青少年性知识的效果。方法:选取本辖区青少年400例为观察组,另选400例青少年为对照组,观察组实施多形式健康教育,对照组接受常规健康教育,对两组青少年的性知识情况、紧急避孕知识进行观察。结果:教育前,两组青少年的性知识了解程度无明显差异(P0.05),观察组青少年经教育后的性知识了解程度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组青少年教育前的紧急避孕知识知晓率无明显差异(P0.05),观察组教育后的知晓率显著较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多形式健康教育能提高青少年的性知识了解程度,也能提高青少年对紧急避孕知识的知晓率,对降低青少年非意愿妊娠、性传播疾病发生率具有显著作用,值得临床推广。     

Gender dysphoria and homosexuality: A patient series

PurposeTo present the clinical course of adolescents who presented to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic due to gender dysphoria and homosexuality through a patient series.MethodsThe clinical features, comorbidities, and the treatment process of 10 patients who presented to the outpatient clinic and were followed up over a period were presented.ResultsThe average age of the 10 patients, 5 girls and 5 boys, was 14.3 years for the girls and 16 years for the boys. Nine patients were admitted by their families primarily with the desire for the elimination of gender dysphoria or homosexual orientation. Only one female patient was brought by her family because of her intense depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. All of the patients had comorbid psychiatric diseases, nine had depression, and one had bipolar affective disorder comorbidity. The anxiety levels of all patients were high. Psychiatric management in each patient focused on the emotional, cognitive and social difficulties of the case. The treatment of two girls was interrupted suddenly by the family because they saw that the homosexual orientation of the patients was continuing. Two male patients were not brought back for treatment after the evaluation process.ConclusionsGender dysphoria and homosexual orientation are situations that families still find it difficult to accept and that they think it can be eliminated by pressure, coercion or psychiatric treatment. Patients show a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity due to family pressure and social exclusion. Although psychiatric support can cure comorbid disorders in a relatively short time, strains of family and social relationships continue to affect patients.     

青少年健康人群抗白喉杆菌抗体水平调查

目的 了解青少年人群抗白喉杆菌抗体水平，为预防控制白喉提供依据。方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取调查点和被测人群，用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测抗白喉毒素抗体，结果 分析采用x^2检验和F检验。结果 青少年健康人群白喉抗体阳性率为80．32％（151／188），平均抗体滴度（GMT）为1：12．2236，抗毒素平均含量（ATC）为0．0599 IU／ml。抗体水平比较分析，年龄组中最高者是9～11岁组，96．67％，最低者是12～14岁组，48．78％；城关（95．45％）高于农村（72．13％）；男女性别间无差异。结论 岳阳市健康青少年人群的抗白喉抗体水平较高，能够有效防止白喉流行。     

立体定向放射治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形的疗效

目的　回顾性分析X射线立体定向放射治疗 (SRT)青少年脑动静脉畸形 (AVM)的远期疗效、并发症及影响因素。方法　 6 6例青少年脑AVM采用X射线SRT治疗 ,病灶体积 0 .32～ 4 2 .88cm3 ,周边剂量 18～ 2 3Gy。结果　随访 3～ 5年 ,AVM闭塞率 6 5 .2 % ,疗后 2年再出血率 4 .6 %。多因素回归分析结果显示周边剂量在 18～ 2 3Gy范围时 ,病灶体积大小是影响AVM闭塞率的唯一因素 ,而周边剂量和年龄与其无关。AVM体积 <10cm3 的闭塞率 (87.1% )明显高于体积 >10cm3 的 (45 .7% )(χ2 =10 .6 4 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。平均闭塞恢复期与治疗体积及周边剂量均有关 ,体积 <10cm3 的 1.4 4 4年短于体积 >10cm3 的 1.813年 (t =2 .0 6 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;周边剂量 >2 0Gy的 1.4 4 8年短于剂量 <2 0Gy的1.85 7年 (t=2 .2 4 7,P <0 .0 5 ) ;而与年龄无关 ,少年组与青年组的恢复期分别为 1.4 74年与 1.6 6 7年 (t=1.0 73,P >0 .0 5 )。结论　X射线SRT治疗体积 <10cm3 的脑AVM ,当周边剂量 >2 0Gy时 ,有较高的闭塞率且完全闭塞所需时间较短 ,是外科手术及血管内栓塞的补充治疗手段     

青少年精神分裂症患者个性特征与家庭环境的相关性

目的探讨青少年精神分裂症的个性特点、家庭环境模式,及其家庭环境因素对青少年个性的影响。方法以16~19岁首发精神分裂症60例为研究组,同年龄段在校就读学生60例为正常对照组;以艾森克个性(成人)问卷(EPQ),家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV),为测评工具,测验结果全部输入心理测验软件系统,用SPSS11.0统计软件进行均数、2、t检验及相关性检验。结果青少年精神分裂症性格多为内向不稳定型(19例)、高精神质[(7.12±3.22)分]、高神经质[(14.38±5.85)分];其家庭环境亲密度[(5.55±2.19)分]、成功性[(5.22±2.18)分]、知识性[(4.08±1.82)分]、娱乐性[(4.37±2.16)分]、组织性[(5.13±2.23)分]、道德性[(5.23±1.79)分]得分显著低于对照组,而家庭环境中亲密度和组织性与个性有高度相关性(P<0.01)。结论家庭环境对青少年的个性有重要的影响,特别是家庭环境中的亲密度和组织性。