创伤性湿肺的X线与CT诊断

目的探讨X线摄影与CT检查在创伤性湿肺诊断中的应用价值及其临床意义。方法回顾分析40例创伤性湿肺病例的X线与CT资料,并加以总结。结果创伤性湿肺主要表现为肺纹影增强、模糊34例,占85．00％;肺内斑片影29例,占72．50％;面纱征或／和毛玻璃征9例,占22．50％;肺血肿影4例,占10．00％,及其他如肋骨骨折、胸腔积液、膈肌破裂等影像表现。结论X线摄影和CT检查目前仍是创伤性湿肺的主要检查手段。CT能够较准确显示创伤性湿肺的病灶特点,对其诊断、治疗及疗效观察有重要价值。     

Ovarian teratoma in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Five reported cases of ovarian teratomas in Rhesus monkeys are reviewed. A case report of a small ovarian teratoma is presented. The frequencies of such neoplasms in the Rhesus monkey are discussed.     

通脉灵大鼠长期毒性实验研究

目的：观察大鼠长期重复接受通脉灵后的毒性反应，评价它的安全性。方法 SD大鼠160只随机分为4组：对照组、通脉灵高、中、低剂量组，每组20只，雌雄各半。通脉灵干膏粉用蒸馏水配制不同浓度的药液，相当于人用剂量的80、40、20倍，连续灌胃给药180 d后停药，继续饲养30天。观察动物给药期和停药期的一般状况，体重变化；在给药180d和停药后30d，用乙醚麻醉后分别处死四分之三量和四分之一量，心脏取血，行血生化和血液学指标检测；取大鼠主要脏器称重计算脏器系数，并进行脏器组织学检查。结果通脉灵三个剂量组给药期和停药恢复期大鼠的体重、血液学、血生化学指标、脏器指数与对照组比较没有统计学上的显著差异，组织学检查均未见形态学改变，无造成明显的毒性反应和继发性毒性反应。结论大鼠长期毒性实验表明通脉灵是安全的。     

Chronic oral administration of alkyl lead solutions to the rhesus monkey

The administration of tetraethyl lead (TEL) and tetramethyl lead (TML) to the rhesus monkey for 6 months at the dose level equivalent to 6 μg/kg/day of lead did not induce clinical manifestations of toxicity. Minor elevations in blood lead levels and tissue lead were found in animals receiving tetraethyl lead.     

Bone geometry in cercopithecoid mandibles

This study explores the relation between cortical bone geometry in the mandibular corpus and in vivo masticatory stress patterns and dietary specialization in cercopithecoid primates. Cortical bone distribution in the mandibles of three species of Old World monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, Procolobus badius, Lophocebus albigena) was measured by computed tomography. The arrangement of bone within sections was quantified as (1) the ratio of cortical area to the enclosed (total) subperiosteal area; (2) the ratio of orthogonal second moments of area; and (3) size-adjusted measures of cortical area and regional thickness. Cross-sectional geometry differed among samples, but consistent patterns of cortical thinning and bone area were found within individual sections. This consistency was despite the marked differences in diet and feeding behavior that distinguish the three taxa. Lingually thin and basally thick cortical bone was found in the three monkeys; previously published data suggest that this pattern may be stereotypical among anthropoid primates. It is hypothesized that the interactive effects of shear, bending and torsion produce eccentric loads in corpus sections, which are mirrored by this asymmetrical arrangement of cortical bone. When interpreted against existing data for other primate groups, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that masticatory-loading profiles are broadly similar across anthropoids despite the distinctive occlusions found among the suborder. Understanding of the impact of diet on jaw morphology is, therefore, not improved by considerations of cortical bone distribution, i.e. the inference of diet from jaw form is best predicated on considerations of relative corpus size rather than cross-sectional geometry.     

Comparison of Three Sequencing Panels Used for the Assessment of Tumor Mutational Burden in NSCLC Reveals Low Comparability

IntroductionTumor mutational burden (TMB) has been proposed as a novel predictive biomarker for the stratification of patients with NSCLC undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The assessment of TMB has recently been established using large targeted sequencing panels, and numerous studies are ongoing to harmonize TMB assessment. “Correlation” or the coefficient of determination has generally been used to evaluate the association between different panels. We hypothesized that these metrics might overestimate the comparability, especially for lower TMB values.MethodsA total of 30 samples from patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI treatment were consecutively sequenced using the following three large, targeted sequencing panels: FoundationOne, Oncomine TML, and QiaSeq TMB. The TMB values were compared in the whole patient population and in a subset of patients in which the TMB assessed by FoundationOne was between 5 and 25 mutations/Mb. Prediction of durable clinical benefit (>6 mo with no progression) was assessed using receiver operator characteristics, and optimal cutoff values were calculated using the Youden J statistic.ResultsCorrelation between the three targeted sequencing panels was strong in the whole patient population (R² > 0.79) but was dramatically reduced in the subset of patients with TMB of 5 to 25 mutations/Mb. The agreement assessed using the Bland-Altman method was also very low. All panels were able to predict durable clinical benefit in the TMB-high population.ConclusionsAssessment of TMB using the three targeted sequencing panels was possible and predictive of response to ICI treatment, but correlation was an inappropriate measurement to assess the association between the respective panels.     

Intestinal Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Despite major strides in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden with modification of classic CVD risk factors, significant residual risks remain. Recent discoveries that linked intestinal microbiota and CVD have broadened our understanding of how dietary nutrients may affect cardiovascular health and disease. Although next-generation sequencing techniques can identify gut microbial community participants and provide insights into microbial composition shifts in response to physiological responses and dietary exposures, provisions of prebiotics or probiotics have yet to show therapeutic benefit for CVD. Our evolving understanding of intestinal microbiota-derived physiological modulators (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and pathogenic mediators (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide) of host disease susceptibility have created novel potential therapeutic opportunities for improved cardiovascular health. This review discusses the roles of human intestinal microbiota in normal physiology, their associations with CVD susceptibilities, and the potential of modulating intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for CVD.