首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1416篇
  免费   62篇
  国内免费   25篇
耳鼻咽喉   27篇
儿科学   31篇
妇产科学   46篇
基础医学   101篇
口腔科学   7篇
临床医学   160篇
内科学   291篇
皮肤病学   19篇
神经病学   211篇
特种医学   17篇
外科学   101篇
综合类   139篇
预防医学   131篇
眼科学   9篇
药学   56篇
  1篇
中国医学   103篇
肿瘤学   53篇
  2023年   32篇
  2022年   61篇
  2021年   67篇
  2020年   56篇
  2019年   44篇
  2018年   53篇
  2017年   55篇
  2016年   37篇
  2015年   48篇
  2014年   116篇
  2013年   132篇
  2012年   85篇
  2011年   108篇
  2010年   79篇
  2009年   69篇
  2008年   83篇
  2007年   64篇
  2006年   52篇
  2005年   38篇
  2004年   36篇
  2003年   25篇
  2002年   16篇
  2001年   13篇
  2000年   14篇
  1999年   21篇
  1998年   8篇
  1997年   6篇
  1996年   11篇
  1995年   11篇
  1994年   11篇
  1993年   6篇
  1992年   2篇
  1991年   2篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   4篇
  1988年   2篇
  1987年   4篇
  1986年   4篇
  1985年   4篇
  1984年   2篇
  1981年   5篇
  1980年   1篇
  1979年   1篇
  1978年   2篇
  1977年   2篇
  1976年   1篇
  1975年   1篇
  1972年   3篇
  1971年   1篇
  1970年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1503条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
BackgroundThe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) have been well-reported in the literature. However, few studies investigated the concomitant spinal pathologies that were present in patients with SEL. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with SEL diagnosed on spinal imaging.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with SEL on magnetic resonance imaging from January 2018 to October 2020 at our institution were included in the study. Clinical data was collected using a standardized data collection form. SEL was graded using a modified version of the Borré grading system. Factors associated with moderate or severe SEL were determined using multiple logistic regression.ResultsA total of 90 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (±SD) age was 59.3 (±17.1) years, and 62 patients (68.9%) were male. 61 patients (67.8%) had moderate or severe SEL. Most patients were overweight or obese (57 patients, 63.3%). The most common presenting symptoms was back pain (57 patients, 63.3%). SEL was diagnosed incidentally in 42 patients (46.7%). The lumbar spine was the most common site of SEL (35 patients, 38.9%). The most common concomitant spinal pathologies were disc bulge (83 patients, 92.2%) and flavum hypertrophy (60 patients, 66.7%). Moderate or severe SEL was associated with WHO Obesity Class, back pain or radicular leg pain at first presentation, and SEL that was worst at the lumbar or lumbosacral spinal level.ConclusionsModerate or severe SEL were independently associated with WHO Obesity Class, back pain, radicular leg pain, and SEL that was worst at the lumbar or lumbosacral spinal level. Future studies should prospectively evaluate whether weight loss therapy is warranted in patients with SEL.  相似文献   
2.
背景 IgA肾病(IgAN)是全世界最常见的原发性肾小球疾病,同时也是引起肾实质恶性高血压(MHT)的主要原因之一。既往研究认为伴MHT的IgAN临床病情和肾脏病变程度均比无MHT的IgAN严重,但尚不清楚IgAN患者发生MHT的中医证候特点。 目的 分析原发性IgAN患者发生MHT的中西医相关因素,探索其中医证候特点。 方法 纳入2013年12月至2021年9月在中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心经肾穿刺活检确诊的518例原发性IgAN患者为研究对象,应用PASS 15.0软件中的变量相关性检验进行样本量估算,最终纳入伴MHT的IgAN患者17例作为IgAN-MHT组,按照1∶5比例随机抽取同时期85例无MHT的IgAN患者作为IgAN组,比较两组临床、病理及中医证候的差异。采用Lasso回归对93个中医证候信息进行筛选降维,进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨伴MHT的IgAN的中医证候相关因素。 结果 IgAN-MHT组首发临床表现为头痛头晕或恶心呕吐比例,临床诊断为肾病综合征比例,入院时平均动脉压、最高收缩压、最高舒张压、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血无机磷、血镁、24 h尿蛋白定量水平、慢性肾脏病(CKD) 3~5期的比例、血瘀证比例,气虚证中神疲乏力、四肢倦怠、胫酸腿软、头目眩晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐症状的比例,阴虚证中视物模糊、飞蚊症症状的比例,血瘀证中爪甲青紫、舌色紫暗症状的比例,肾内动脉硬化比例高于IgAN组;而首发临床表现为尿检异常比例、高血压病史比例、临床诊断为慢性肾炎综合征的比例、血IgM、血IgG水平、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平低于IgAN组(P<0.05)。两组伴肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化病变(T病变)比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IgAN-MHT组的常见中医证型为气阴两虚兼血瘀证。IgAN-MHT和血瘀证呈正相关(P<0.05),IgAN-MHT患者男性比例、24 h尿蛋白定量水平和气虚证呈正相关(P<0.05),无机磷、血钾和阴虚证呈负相关(P<0.05),IgAN-MHT患者肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化和血瘀证呈正相关(P=0.040)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,头痛〔OR=7.895,95%CI(1.643,37.935),P=0.010〕、视物模糊〔OR=5.499,95%CI(1.207,25.053),P=0.028〕、口干喜饮〔OR=10.079,95%CI(2.289,44.373),P=0.002〕、爪甲青紫〔OR=18.312,95%CI(2.179,153.884),P=0.007〕是伴MHT的原发性IgAN的影响因素。 结论 (1)伴MHT的原发性IgAN患者肾功能更差,肾脏病理损伤更重。(2)伴MHT的原发性IgAN的常见中医证型为气阴两虚兼血瘀证。(3)伴MHT的原发性IgAN患者临床、病理指标与中医气虚证、阴虚证和血瘀证具有一定相关性。(4)中医证候中头痛、视物模糊、口干喜饮、爪甲青紫是伴MHT的原发性IgAN相关因素。早发现、早诊断、早治疗,关注并改善患者的气虚、阴虚、血瘀相关症状,有可能减少IgAN患者伴MHT的发生。  相似文献   
3.
目的:分析中医药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)验案中的中药用药规律,为临床上中医药治疗CAG提供参考。方法:基于中医传承辅助平台(V2.5),运用高级数据挖掘方法,对所收集处方中的药物信息、临床症状进行统计,并结合临床症状进一步分析治疗CAG的中药用药规律。结果:共收集CAG验案141个,包含中药处方141首,涉及中药178味;使用高频中药有莪术、党参、白花蛇舌草、三七、白术、丹参、半枝莲等;核心中药药对有白花蛇舌草-莪术、半枝莲-白花蛇舌草、莪术-三七等;潜在常用中药药对有三棱-丹参、枸杞子-黄精、三七-藤梨根等;基于无监督熵层次聚类分析得到新方3首。结论:目前CAG临床验案中,证型以脾胃虚弱、肝胃不和、虚实夹杂为主,治疗以益气健脾为主,随证兼以活血、滋阴、清热、利湿,另可加补肾以补虚扶正。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

Ultra-endurance activities (≥ 4h) present unique challenges that, beyond fatigue, may be exacerbated by sub-optimal nutrition during periods of increased requirements and compromised gastrointestinal function. The causes of fatigue during ultra-endurance exercise are multi-factorial. However, mechanisms can potentially include central or peripheral fatigue, thermal stress, dehydration, and/or endogenous glycogen store depletion; of which optimising nutrition and hydration can partially attenuate. If exercise duration is long enough (e.g. ≥ 10h) and exercise intensity low enough (e.g. 45–60% of maximal oxygen uptake), it is bio-energetically plausible that ketogenic adaptation may enhance ultra-endurance performance, but this requires scientific substantiation. Conversely, the scientific literature has consistently demonstrated that daily dietary carbohydrates (3-12g/kg/day) and carbohydrate intake (30-110g/h) during ultra-endurance events can enhance performance at individually tolerable intake rates. Considering gastrointestinal symptoms are common in ultra-endurance activities, effective dietary prevention and management strategies may provide functional, histological, systemic, and symptomatic benefits. Taken together, a well-practiced and individualized fuelling approach is required to optimize performance in ultra-endurance events.  相似文献   
5.
BackgroundWhile gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the commonest causes of subacute/chronic cough along with cough-variant asthma (CVA) and rhinosinusitis, its clinical impact remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of GERD in patients with subacute/chronic cough.MethodsBetween April 2012 and March 2018, a total of 312 patients presenting subacute or chronic cough lasting for ≥3 weeks [median cough duration, 4.9 (0.7–434) months] underwent diagnostic tests. GERD symptoms and cough-specific QoL were evaluated through the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of Gastroesophageal reflux (FSSG) and the Japanese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (J-LCQ). According to the FSSG domains, patients with GERD were arbitrarily categorized into 3 groups; acid-reflux predominant, dysmotility predominant, and pauci-symptoms groups, respectively.ResultsThe average scores of J-LCQ was 12.5 (SD3.7). One hundred-forty three were diagnosed as having GERD-related cough based on classical reflux symptoms including heartburn and characteristic triggers of cough such as phonation, rinsing, lying, and eating. Most of them (89.8%) had other causative diseases including CVA. Cough lasted longer (p = 0.019) and required a longer time until alleviation (p = 0.003) in patients with GERD than in those without GERD. They also scored lower J-LCQ than counterpart group (p < 0.0001). In terms of symptom stratification, dysmotility predominant group showed significant more response to specific GERD treatments than the remnants (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThese results indicate that GERD is associated with the aggravation of other causes including CVA. Particularly, dysmotility symptoms may be potential therapeutic target for GERD-related cough.  相似文献   
6.
目的 探讨标准化BPSD康复护理流程对伴精神行为症状痴呆(BPSD)住院患者的效果。 方法 将76例BPSD住院患者用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各38例,研究组在原有药物治疗和常规护理基础上增加标准化BPSD康复护理流程,两组在基线、三个月、六个月末随访采用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)、神经精神症状问卷(NPI)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)。结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示:研究组NPI照料者(F值=46.663,P﹤0.01)和患者的评分(F值=26.948,P﹤0.01)差异有统计学意义,而MMSE、ADL量表评分差异无统计学意义。结论 标准化BPSD康复护理流程虽然对于患者的认知功能无明显改变,但能有效提高其住院生活质量,减少看护人员的心理压力。  相似文献   
7.
ObjectivesThe objectives were: (1) to analyze the MRI healing rates of bucket-handle meniscus repair; (2) to compare the accuracy of assessment of meniscus healing for conventional MRI and Indirect Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (IMRA); and (3) to identify patients who may require second-look arthroscopy after meniscus repair.MethodsThis is a prospective observational case series of thirty-seven patients with repaired bucket-handle medial meniscus tear with a minimum one year follow-up. Meniscus healing rates were assessed on direct MRI and IMRA using Henning’s criteria. At the same time, patients’ symptoms were evaluated according to Barrett’s criteria and functional outcomes were recorded using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee Osteoarthritis and Outcomes Score (KOOS) and Tegner–Lysholm scores. A further clinical review was performed 18 months after the imaging to assess the evolution of symptoms.ResultsAt a mean of 22.3 ± 7.8 months after the meniscus repair, 56.7% patients showed complete healing and 40.5% patients demonstrated incomplete repair healing on IMRA. 52% patients with complete healing and 40% patients with incomplete healing demonstrated meniscus symptoms. At the second clinical review, 19% patients with complete healing and 20% patients with incomplete healing had meniscus symptoms. There was no co-relation between symptoms, PROMs and healing on MRI.ConclusionIndirect MR arthrography offers distinct advantages over direct MRI for assessment of meniscus healing, especially in symptomatic patients. Patient-reported outcome measures and symptomatology are not co-related with the healing status of the meniscus and they resolve in the majority on longer follow-up. A more conservative approach guided by IMRA to assess meniscus healing will avoid early re-operations.  相似文献   
8.
BACKGROUND Schwannoma is a benign, encapsulated and slowly growing tumor originating from Schwann cells and is rarely seen in the peripheral nerve system. Typical symptoms are soreness, radiating pain and sensory loss combined with a soft tissue mass.AIM To evaluate pre-and postoperative symptoms in patients operated for schwannomas in the extremities and investigate the rate of malignant transformation.METHODS In this single center retrospective study design, all patients who had surgery for a benign schwannoma in the extremities from May 1997 to January 2018 were included. The location of the tumor in the extremities was divided into five groups; forearm, arm, shoulder, thigh and leg including foot. The locations of the tumor in the nerves were also categorized as either; proximal, distal, minor or major nerve. During the pre-and postoperative clinical evaluation, symptoms were classified as paresthesia, local pain, radiating pain, swelling, impairment of mobility/strength and asymptomatic tumors that were found incidentally(with magnetic resonance imaging). The patients were evaluated after surgery using the following categories: Asymptomatic or symptomatic patients(radiating and/or local pain) and those with complications. The follow up period was from the time of surgery until last examination of the particular physician. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for postoperative significant symptoms at follow-up.RESULTS We identified 858 cases from the institutional pathology register. We excluded cases with duplicate diagnoses(n = 407), pathology not including schwannomas(n = 157), lesions involving the torso, spine and neck(n = 150) leaving 144 patients for further analysis. In this group 99 patients underwent surgery and there were five complications recorded: 2 infections(treated with antibiotics) and 3 nerve palsies(2 involving the radial nerve and one involving the median nerve) that recovered spontaneously. At the end of follow-up, 1.4 mo(range 0.5-76) postoperatively, we recorded a post-operative decrease in clinical symptoms: Local pain 76%(6/25), radiating pain 97%(2/45), swelling 20%(8/10). Symptoms of paresthesia increased by 2.8%(37/36) and there was no change in motor weakness before and after surgery 1%(1/1). Multivariate analysis showed that tumors located within minor nerves had a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative symptoms compared with tumors in major nerves(odds ratio: 2.63; confidence intervals: 1.22-6.42, P = 0.029). One patient with schwannoma diagnosed by needle biopsy was diagnosed to have malignant transformation diagnosed in the surgically removed tumor. No local recurrences were reported.CONCLUSION Surgery of schwannomas can be conducted with low risk of postoperative complications, acceptable decrease in clinical symptoms and risk of malignant transformation is low.  相似文献   
9.
目的 根据乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者的症状特征,编制适用于我国乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者的症状评估量表,并检验其信效度。方法 在文献回顾及参照现有症状评估量表的基础上编制量表初始条目池;通过2轮德尔菲专家函询,形成初始版量表;通过对11例患者的认知性访谈,对量表条目进一步修订,形成临床测试版量表。便利选取2020年7月—9月在浙江省某三级甲等肿瘤医院门诊或住院的325例乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者进行问卷调查,检验量表信效度。 结果 形成的最终版乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者症状评估量表包括33个条目,探索性因子分析提取7个公因子,累计方差贡献率为68.76%;各条目内容效度指数为0.78~1.00,量表内容效度指数为0.91;内在相关性检验结果显示,量表各维度与总量表相关系数为0.58~0.79(P<0.05);维度间相关系数为0.26~0.52(P<0.05);总量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.94,重测信度为0.95,折半信度为0.84。结论 编制的乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者症状评估量表具有良好的信效度,适用于相关人群的症状测评。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the globe, and it is important to determine the risk factors of death in the general population. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of death and severe illness requiring supplemental oxygen therapy based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Korea.MethodsIn this study, we used data provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) and analyzed a total of 5,068 patients with COVID-19, excluding 19 pregnant women and 544 individuals with missing data. We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the impact of early symptoms on survival and severe disease. Logistic regression models included sex, age, number of comorbidities, symptoms on admission, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature as explanatory variables, and death and oxygen therapy as outcome variables.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed that the male sex, older age (≥ 60 years), higher number of comorbidities, presence of symptoms on admission, heart rate ≥ 120 bpm, and body temperature ≥ 37.5°C presented with higher risk of in-hospital death and oxygen therapy requirement. Conversely, rhinorrhea and headache were associated with a low risk of death and oxygen therapy requirement. The findings showed that cough, sputum, and fever were the most common symptoms on admission, while 25.3% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic.ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with high-risk early symptoms on admission, such as dyspnea and altered mental status, and those without low-risk symptoms of rhinorrhea and headache should be included in priority treatment groups.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号