Burnout and the Catalytic Role of the Supervisor

Research and the literature suggest that burnout is on the rise and will drastically increase in the future. This paper considers the catalytic role of the supervisor even in a highly bureaucratized agency structure, as an agent to confront and counteract the realities of burnout. It also discusses the interaction of bureaucracy and burnout, the central role of the supervisor in influencing this interaction, and offers specific guidelines for preventing and combating the multilevel effects of burnout.     

Job Demands,Job Resources,and Job Performance in Japanese Workers: A Cross-sectional Study

This study investigated the cross-sectional association of job demands (i.e., psychological demands) and job resources (i.e., decision latitude, supervisor support, co-worker support, and extrinsic reward) with job performance. A total of 1,198 workers (458 males and 740 females) from a manufacturing company in Japan completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the Job Content Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire, and demographic survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, decision latitude (β=0.107, p=0.001) and extrinsic reward (β=0.158, p<0.001) were positively and significantly associated with job performance while supervisor support (β=−0.102, p=0.002) was negatively and significantly associated with job performance. On the other hand, psychological demands or co-worker support was not significantly associated with job performance. These findings suggest that higher decision latitude and extrinsic reward enhance job performance among Japanese employees.     

临床医学专业中体格检查课程督导学习模式的评价研究

目的探讨课程督导学习模式是否能提高临床医学专业体格检查课程的教学水平。方法选取即将学习诊断学体格检查课程的临床专业2011、2012级的64名学生,参加此次对照教学研究及教学质量评价;学生被按年级分配到对照组或者试验组,前者参与现有的体格检查课程学习,后者接受额外的学生助教督导教学;最后教学质量的评价通过客观性临床考试(OCE)来评定。结果总计64名学生参加了本研究并参加了OCE考试,最终的数据分析显示,对照组学生得分的中位数是46%,而试验组为70%,试验组学生得分明显高于对照组(P0.01);在OCE每一科目的考试中,试验组学生均比对照组得分高(P0.01);在试验组的教学结果评价中有8人获得优秀、23人获得良好、2人评价一般,而对照组中没有学生评价优秀及良好。结论课程督导学习模式,即在常规教学方式的基础上增加学生助教的督导进行课程学习,可以显著提高医学生的体格检查课程的学习水平。     

主管护师综合评价指标体系研究

目的构建科学、实用的主管护师综合评价指标体系。方法采用文献查阅和专家访谈设计指标体系，运用Delph法进行指标的筛选与评价标准的确立，层次分析法用于指标权重的确定，相关性分析和因子分析法检验指标体系的信度与效度。结果本研究构建的主管护师综合评价指标体系包括4项一级指标、12项二级指标和46项三级指标，确定了各级指标的权重，确认了指标体系良好的信度和效度。结论主管护师综合评价指标体系具有科学性、合理性和可操作性，可作为主管护师综合评价、绩效考核、聘任及晋升的有效决策工具和评价依据。     

Adult Imprisonment of Males Released from Residential Childcare

This article describes the findings from a longitudinal study of adult imprisonment for youth who were released from a residential program in 1985 and 1987. The rate of imprisonment for the population is reported as well as a model that was developed to identify high-risk youth using an event historv analysis. This study explores the policy and programatic implications for agencies administering residential programs for delinquent youth. In addition, the authors identify important research quesstions which need to be examined in the future.     

新生导师制是教书与育人相结合的有效途径

传统的高校教育存在一定的教书与育人脱节的现象，新生导师制是一项能将教书与育人相结合的行之有效的措施。结合实际从新生导师制的发展、重要作用以及导师制的创新点等几方面进行了较全面的阐述。     

福建省卫生监督队伍现状调查及对策

目的了解和掌握福建省卫生监督队伍现状,研究相应对策.方法采用国家卫生部制定的<卫生监督、监测人员构成情况年报表>对卫生监督队伍基本情况进行统计分析.结果全省1 910名卫生监督人员中,大中专以上学历的占92.1%,年龄≤54岁的占86%,高中级职称者占52.5%,卫生专业人员占63.6%.结论制定科学、合理、切实可行的卫生监督队伍人才发展规划,选拔和培养青年干部和学科带头人,以形成年龄、知识、专业、职称结构较合理的梯形后备卫生监督队伍,是实现现代化卫生监督综合执法对策的重要一环.     

临床医生工作家庭冲突与职业倦怠的关系研究

目的:探讨临床医生工作家庭冲突与职业倦怠的关系,并进一步考察上司支持和同事支持对于缓解冲突与倦怠的积极作用。方法:采用问卷调查方法,对一线临床医生进行个别施测,通过相关分析、层级回归分析等统计方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果:临床医生存在较严重的工作家庭冲突与职业倦怠,并且在职称、医院级别等人口学变量上存在显著性差异;临床医生的工作家庭冲突水平能够显著地正向预测其职业倦怠;同事支持能够有效调节临床医生家庭-工作冲突对其职业倦怠的预测作用。结论:临床医生的工作家庭冲突是其职业倦怠的重要预测源;上司支持与同事支持确实是缓解临床医生工作家庭冲突与职业倦怠的重要支持性资源。     

Nurse anesthetists’ reflections and strategies when supervising master's students

ObjectiveThe objective was to describe registered nurse anesthetists’ reflections and strategies in relation to supervision of specialist nursing students in anesthetic care.BackgroundIn anesthesiology care, registered nurse anesthetists work with advanced care in a high-technology environment. The complexity of working with production requirements, time pressure and patient safety creates great challenges. Registered nurse anesthetists have a unique position and are responsible for the patient’s life during surgery. At the same time, they must supervise students without risking patient safety. Little research to date has focused on the clinical supervisory role in this context.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodsThe data were collected in 2018 from qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of twelve student registered nurse anesthetists from a large hospital in Sweden. The data were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the dual role of registered nurse anesthetist and supervisor was experienced as satisfying, important and promoting development, although it also involved several challenges. Creating opportunities for supervision and learning in perioperative care improved supervisors’ prerequisites for supporting students and helping them develop. Being a supervisor was also rewarding, and given the interplay with students, supervision was viewed as a process of mutual growth.ConclusionBy focusing on students and their learning, we can help produce well-qualified registered nurse anesthetists who have positive experiences of the workplace and who want to stay in their profession.